[Debate] (Fwd) Rio+20 nature privatisation: latest text
Patrick Bond
pbond at mail.ngo.za
Wed May 23 14:51:57 BST 2012
*THE FUTURE WE WANT***
*I. _Our Common Vision_*
1. We, the heads of State and Government and high level representatives,
having met at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20-22 June 2012, with full
participation of**civil society, renew our commitment to sustainable
development, and to ensure the promotion of economically, socially and
environmentally sustainable future for our planet and for present and
future generations. *[Agreed ad ref]*
**
2*.*We recognize that a central challenge for sustainable development is
to eradicate poverty, taking into account the need for a
balanced**approach towards sustainable development. We reaffirm the need
to promote integrated and sustainable management of natural resources
and ecosystems that supports,**inter alia, economic, social and human
development while facilitating ecosystem conservation, regeneration and
restoration,**and resilience in the face of new and emerging challenges.
3.We reaffirm that eradicating poverty remains the greatest global
challenge facing the world today and that, together with changing
unsustainable patterns of production and consumption and protecting and
managing the natural resource base of economic and social development,
poverty eradication is an overarching objective of, and essential
requirement for, sustainable development. We are committed to free
humanity from extreme poverty and hunger as a matter of urgency.
4.We reaffirm our commitment to making every effort to accelerate the
achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including
the Millennium Development Goals by 2015.
5.We recognize that people are at the center of sustainable development
and in this regard, we strive for a world which is just, equitable and
inclusive, and we commit to work together to promote sustained economic
growth and development, social equity and environmental sustainability,
and thereby to benefit all. *[Agreed ad ref]*
6.We reaffirm that we continue to be guided by the purposes and
principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and with full respect
for the international law and its principles.
**
7.We also reaffirm the importance of freedom, peace and security,
respect for all human rights, including the right to development and the
right to adequate food, the rule of law, gender equality and the overall
commitment to just and democratic societies for development.
**
8.We reaffirm the importance of the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, as well as other international instruments relating to human
rights and international law. We emphasize the responsibilities of all
states, in conformity with the Charter, to respect human rights and
fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction of any kind to race,
colour, sex, language or religion, political or other opinion, national
or social origin, property, birth or other status.**
**
9.We acknowledge that good governance and the rule of law, at the
national and international levels, as well as an enabling environment
for investments are essential for sustainable development, including
sustained and inclusive economic growth, and the eradication of poverty
and hunger. We reaffirm that to achieve our goals of sustainable
development, we need institutions at all levels that are effective,
transparent, accountable and democratic.
**
10.We reaffirm our commitment to strengthening international cooperation
and addressing the persistent challenges related to sustainable
development for all, in particular developing countries, taking into
account the need for enhancing gender equality and equal opportunities
for all and the protection, survival and development of children. We
also reaffirm that economic stability and sustained economic growth,
promotion of social equity, and protection of the environment are
important for eradicating poverty and improving human well-being.
**
11.We renew our commitment to sustainable development, assessing the
progress to date and the remaining gaps in the implementation of the
outcomes of the major summits on sustainable development and addressing
new and emerging challenges. We express our determination to address
herein and to take appropriate urgent action on the themes of the
Conference, namely a green economy in the context of sustainable
development and poverty eradication, and the institutional framework for
sustainable development.
**
12.We recognize that sustainable development is fundamentally a question
of people's opportunities to influence their lives and future,
participate in decision making and voice their concerns. Sustainable
development requires a joint effort and a concrete and urgent action of
us all. It can only be achieved with a broad alliance of people,
governments, civil society and private sector, all working together to
secure the future we want for present and future generations.
*II. _Renewing Political Commitment_*
*__*
*A. Reaffirming Rio principles and past action plans *
13.We reaffirm the Stockholm Declaration of the United Nations
Conference on the Human Environment adopted at Stockholm on 16 June 1972.
14.We also reaffirm that all the Principles contained in the Rio
Declaration on Environment and Development, will continue to guide the
international community in the achievement of sustainable development
and the future we want and will serve as the basis for cooperation,
coherence and implementation of agreed commitments, including in this
outcome.
15.We reaffirm our commitment to fully implement the Rio Declaration on
Environment and Development, Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further
Implementation of Agenda 21, the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable
Development and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on
Sustainable Development, the Barbados Programme of Action and the
Mauritius Strategy for Implementation. We also reaffirm our commitment
to the full implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action for Least
Developed Countries, the Almaty Programme of Action for Landlocked
Developing Countries, the Political declaration on Africa's development
needs, and the New Partnership for Africa's Development, as well as our
commitments in the outcomes of all the major United Nations conferences
and summits in the economic, social and related fields, including the UN
Millennium Declaration and the 2005 World Summit outcome, the Monterrey
Consensus and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development, and the
outcome document of the High-Level Plenary Meeting of the UN General
Assembly on the MDGs.
16.We recognize the importance of the three Rio Conventions to advancing
sustainable development and in this regard we urge all parties to fully
implement their commitments under the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change, in accordance with the principle of common
but differentiated responsibilities, the Convention on Biological
Diversity and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification,
to take effective and concrete actions and measures at all levels, and
to enhance international cooperation.
17.We reaffirm our commitment to reinvigorate political will and
international commitment to move the sustainable development agenda
forward, and to raise the level of commitment by the international
community to implement sustainable development, including through the
achievement of the internationally agreed development goals including
the Millennium Development Goals. We therefore agree to concrete
measures that accelerate implementation of sustainable development
commitments.
*B. Advancing Integration, Implementation, and Coherence: Assessing the
progress to date and the remaining gaps in the implementation of the
outcomes of the major summits on sustainable development and addressing
new and emerging challenges*
18. We recognize that the twenty years since the Earth Summit in 1992
have seen progress, including in sustainable development and poverty
eradication. We also recognize the need to accelerate progress in
closing development gaps between developed and developing countries, and
to create new opportunities through economic growth and diversification,
to collectively address the issue of sustainable development. We
recognize the need to make progress in implementing previous
commitments. To this end, we underscore the continued need for an
enabling economic environment, strengthened international cooperation,
particularly in the areas of finance, debt, trade, and technology
transfer as mutually agreed, and innovation and entrepreneurship,
capacity building, and the full and effective participation of all
countries in global decision making.
19.We acknowledge that since 1992 there have been areas of insufficient
progress and setbacks in the integration of the three dimensions of
sustainable development, aggravated by multiple financial, economic,
food and energy crises, which have threatened the ability of all
countries, in particular developing countries, to achieve sustainable
development.
20.We are deeply concerned that one in five people on this planet, or
over one billion people, still live in extreme poverty, and that one in
seven or 14% is undernourished, while pandemics and epidemics remain
omnipresent threats. We acknowledge that with the world's population
projected to exceed nine billion by 2050, we need to increase our
efforts to achieve sustainable development and in particular, the
eradication of poverty and hunger.
21.We recognize examples of progress in sustainable development at
regional, national, sub-national and local levels. We note that efforts
to achieve sustainable development have been reflected in regional,
national and sub-national policies and plans, and that governments have
strengthened their commitment to sustainable development since the
adoption of Agenda 21 through legislation and institutions, and the
development and implementation of international, regional and
sub-regional agreements and commitments. *[Agreed ad ref]*
22.We are concerned that despite efforts by Governments and other
stakeholders in all countries, there remain major challenges to
sustainable development and greater efforts are essential to achieve
sustainable development, including the need for greater coherence among
social, environmental and economic policies and implementation
modalities in support of sustainable development. Therefore, we resolve
to proactively address the remaining barriers and gaps in the
implementation of internationally agreed commitments.
23.We reaffirm the importance of supporting developing countries in
their efforts to promote empowerment of the poor,marginalized groups and
people in vulnerable situations, including removing barriers to
opportunity and enhancing productive capacity, developing sustainable
agriculture, and promoting full and productive employment and decent
work for all, complemented by effective social policies, with a view to
achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the MDGs.
24.We express deep concern about the continuing high levels of
unemployment and underemployment, particularly among young people, and
note the need for sustainable development strategies to proactively
address youth employment and stress the need for the development of a
global strategy on youth employment.
*[14. ter We reaffirm the need to take further effective measures to
remove obstacles to the realization of the right of peoples to
self-determination, in particular peoples living under colonial and
foreign occupation, which continue to adversely affect their economic
and social development as well as their environment and are incompatible
with the dignity and worth of the human person and must be combated and
eliminated. People under foreign occupation must be protected in
accordance with the provisions of international humanitarian law. --G77;
Canada, US delete; EU, Turkey reserves]***
*[14. quat We also reaffirm that in accordance with the Declaration on
the Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and
Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United
Nations, this shall not be construed as authorizing or encouraging any
action which would dismember or impair, totally or in part, the
territorial integrity or political unity of sovereign and independent
States conducting themselves in compliance with the principle of equal
rights and self-determination of peoples and thus possessed of a
Government representing the whole people belonging to the territory
without distinction of any kind. --G77; US, Canada delete; EU, Turkey
reserves]***
25.We recognize that many people, especially the poor, depend directly
on ecosystems for their livelihoods, their economic, social and physical
well-being, and their cultural heritage. For this reason, it is
essential to generate decent jobs and incomes that decrease disparities
in standards of livingto better meet people's needs and promote
sustainable livelihoods and practices and the sustainable use of natural
resources and ecosystems. [*Agreed ad ref*]**
26.We emphasize that sustainable development must be inclusive and
people-centered, benefiting and involving all people, including youth
and children. We recognizethat gender equality and women's empowerment
are important for sustainable development and our common future. In this
regard, we reaffirm our commitments to the Cairo Programme of Action,
the Beijing Declaration and the Beijing Platform for Action to ensure
women's equal rights, access and opportunities for participation and
leadership in the economy, society and political decision making.
27.We recognize that each country faces specific challenges to achieve
sustainable development and we underscore the special challenges facing
the most vulnerable countries and in particular African countries, least
developed countries, landlocked developing countries, small island
developing States and middle-income countries. Countries in situations
of conflict also need special attention.
28.We reaffirm our commitment to take urgent and concrete action to
address the vulnerability of small island developing states (SIDS),
including through the sustained implementation of the Mauritius Strategy
and BPOA, and underscore the urgency of finding additional solutions to
the major challenges facing small island developing States in a
concerted manner so as to support them in sustaining momentum realized
in implementing the BPoA and MSI and achieving sustainable development.
29.We reaffirm that the Istanbul Programme of Action for the Least
Developed Countries for the Decade 2011-2020 outlines LDCs' priorities
for sustainable development and defines a framework for renewed and
strengthened global partnership to implement**them. We commit to assist
LDCs with the implementation of the IPOA as well as their efforts to
achieve sustainable development. *[Agreed ad ref]*
30.We recognize that more attention should be given to Africa and the
implementation of previously agreed commitments related to its
development needs that were made at major UN Summits and Conferences. We
note that while aid to Africa has increased in recent years, it still
lags behind commitments that were previously made. We underscore the key
priority for the international community of supporting Africa's
sustainable development efforts. In this regard, we recognize the
urgency to fully implement the internationally agreed commitments
related to Africa's development needs, particularly those contained in
the United Nations Millennium Declaration, the Declaration on the New
Partnership for Africa's Development, the Monterrey Consensus of the
International Conference on Financing for Development, the Plan of
Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development
(Johannesburg Plan of Implementation) and the 2005 World Summit Outcome
as well as the 2008 Political Declaration on Africa's development needs.
31.We recognize the serious constraints to achieve sustainable
development in all its three dimensions in landlocked developing
countries. In this regard, we reaffirm our commitment to address special
development needs and the challenges faced by landlocked and transit
developing countries through the full and effective implementation of
the Almaty Programme of Action as contained in the Declaration on the
mid-term review.
32*.*We recognize the progress made by middle-income countries in
improving the well-being of their people, as well as the specific
development challenges they face and the need to adequately support
their efforts to eradicate poverty, reduce inequalities, and achieve
their development goals, including the MDGs, and to achieve sustainable
development in a comprehensive manner integrating the economic, social
and environmental dimensions.
33.We recognize that the planet Earth and its ecosystem are our home and
that Mother Earth is a common expression in a number of countries and
regions. We are convinced that in order to achieve a just balance among
the economic, social and environment needs of present and future
generations, it is necessary to promote harmony with nature.
34.We call for holistic and integrated approaches to sustainable
development which will guide humanity to live in harmony with nature and
lead to efforts to restore the health and integrity of the Earth's
ecosystem. [*Agreed ad ref*]
35.We acknowledge the natural and cultural diversity of the world and
recognize that all cultures and civilizations can contribute to
sustainable development. [*Agreed ad ref*]
**
*C. Engaging major groups and other stakeholders [Agreed ad ref]*
36.We reaffirm the key role of all levels of government and legislative
bodies in promoting sustainable development. We further acknowledge
efforts and progress made at the local and sub-national levels, and
recognize the important role that such authorities and communities can
play in implementing sustainable development, including by engaging
citizens and stakeholders, and providing them with relevant information,
as appropriate, on the three dimensions of sustainable development. We
further acknowledge the need to include decision makers at all levels
into planning and implementation of sustainable development policies.
37.We underscore that broad public participation and access to
information and judicial and administrative proceedings are essential to
the promotion of sustainable development. Sustainable development
requires the meaningful involvement and active participation of all
Major Groups -- women, children and youth, indigenous peoples,
non-governmental organisations, local authorities, workers and trade
unions, business and industry, the scientific and technological
community, and farmers -- and other relevant stakeholders, including
regional, national and sub-national parliaments and judiciaries,
voluntary associations and foundations, migrants as well as older
persons and persons with disabilities. In this regard, we agree to work
more closely with Major Groups and other stakeholders and encourage
their active participation in decision making, planning and
implementation of policies and programmes for sustainable development at
all levels including through the contribution of their specific views,
knowledge and practical know-how.
38.We acknowledge the role of civil society and the importance of
enabling all members of civil society to be actively engaged in
sustainable development. We recognize that improved participation of
civil society depends upon strengthening access to information and
building civil society capacity. We recognize that information and
communication technology (ICT) is making it easier for Governments to
share information with the public and for the public to hold decision
makers accountable. In this regard, it is essential to work towards
improved access to ICT, especially broadband networks and services, and
bridge the digital divide.
39.We underscore that women have a vital role to play in achieving
sustainable development. We recognize the leadership role of women and
we resolve to promote gender equality and women's empowerment and to
ensure their full and effective participation in sustainable development
policies, programmes and decision-making at all levels. [*Agreed ad ref*]
40.We acknowledge the implementation of sustainable development will
depend on active engagement of both the public and private sectors. We
recognise that the active participation of the private sector can
contribute to the achievement of sustainable development, including
through the important tool of public-private partnerships. We support
regulatory and policy frameworks that enable business and industry to
advance sustainable development initiatives in accordance with national
legislation and objectives, taking into account the importance of
applying standards of corporate social responsibility and accountability.
41.We acknowledge the importance of corporate sustainability reporting
and, encourage public and private companies, where appropriate,
including all listed and large public companies to integrate
sustainability information into their reporting cycle, building on the
experience of already existing national and international reporting
frameworks. We recognize the need for global best practices on
sustainability reporting.
42.We recognize the important contribution of the scientific and
technological community to sustainable development. We are committed to
working more closely with academia and the scientific and technological
community in all countries, in particular in developing countries, to
strengthen the science-policy interface as well as to foster sharing of
knowledge and information and international research collaboration.
43.We stress the importance of the participation of indigenous peoples
in the achievement of sustainable development. We also recognize the
importance of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in
the context of global, regional, national, and sub-national
implementation of sustainable development strategies. [*Agreed ad ref*]//
44.We stress the importance of the active participation of young people
in decision making processes as the issues we are addressing have a deep
impact on present and future generations, and as the contribution of
children and youth is vital to the achievement of sustainable
development. We also recognize the need to promote intergenerational
dialogue and solidarity by recognizing their views.
45.We stress the importance of the participation of workers and trade
unions to the promotion of sustainable development. As the
representatives of working people, trade unions are important partners
in facilitating the achievement of sustainable development in particular
the social dimension. Information, education and training on
sustainability at all levels, including in the workplace, are key to
strengthening workers' and trade unions' capacity to support sustainable
development.
46.We recognize that farmers, including small-scale farmers and fishers,
pastoralists and foresters, can make important contributions to
sustainable development if production activities are environmentally
sound, enhance food security and the livelihood of the poor, and
invigorate production and sustained economic growth.
47.We note the valuable contributions of non-governmental organisations
in promoting sustainable development through their well-established and
diverse experience, expertise and capacity, especially in the area of
analysis, sharing of information, promotion of dialogue and support of
implementation of sustainable development.
48.We acknowledge the central role of the United Nations, as well as the
important contributions of other relevant international organizations in
advancing the sustainable development agenda, encouraging and
facilitating close cooperation among states, as well as between states
and other stakeholders, and mobilizing resources for sustainable
development.
49.We commit ourselves to invigorating the global partnership for
sustainable development that we launched in Rio in 1992. We recognize
the need to impart new momentum to our cooperative pursuit of
sustainable development, and commit to work together with Major Groups
and other stakeholders in addressing implementation gaps.
**
**
*
*
*III. _Green Economy in the context of sustainable development and
poverty eradication_*
50. We recognize that there are different approaches, visions, models
and tools available to each country, in accordance with its national
circumstances and priorities, to achieve our overarching goals to
eradicate poverty and achieve the three dimensions of sustainable
development in an integrated manner. In this regard, we consider a green
economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty
eradication as a valuable tool for achieving sustainable development and
we acknowledge that it can provide options for policy making but is not
a rigid set of rules. We emphasize that it should contribute to
eradicating poverty as well as sustained economic growth, enhancing
social inclusion, improving human welfare and creating new opportunities
for employment and decent work for all, while maintaining the healthy
functioning of the Earth's ecosystems.
51. We affirm that the development and implementation of policies for a
green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty
eradication should be guided by and in accordance with all the Rio
principles, Agenda 21 and the JPOI, and contribute towards achieving
relevant**internationally agreed development goals including the MDGs,
recognizing national capabilities and priorities.
52. We affirm that green economy policies in the context of sustainable
development and poverty eradication should:
(a)respect each country's national sovereignty and right to development,
as well as its national circumstances, objectives and priorities with
regard to the three dimensions of sustainable development;
(b)be supported by**an enabling environment and well-functioning
institutions**at all levels with a leadingrole for governments and with
the participation of all relevant stakeholders;
(c)promote sustained and inclusive economic growth, foster innovation
and provide opportunities, benefits and empowerment for all, while
taking into account the needs of developing countries, particularly
those in special situations;
(d)strengthen international cooperation,mobilize the efforts of all
countries and means of implementation from all sources, and avoid
unwarranted conditionalities on ODA and finance;
(e)avoid creating trade measures that constitute a means of arbitrary or
unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international
trade;
(f)contribute to closing technology gaps between developed and
developing countries and reduce the technological dependence of
developing countries;
(g)enhance the welfare of indigenous peoples and their communities and
other local communities, recognizing and supporting their identity,
culture and interests and avoid endangering their cultural heritage and
traditional knowledge;
(h)enhance the welfare of women, children, youth, people with
disabilities, small and subsistence farmers, fishers and those working
in small and medium enterprises, and support the livelihoods and
development of people in vulnerable situations;
(i)promote pro-poor productive activities in developing countries;
(j)acknowledge that countries' priorities, based on national
circumstances, include, inter-alia, eradicating poverty, education,
health, food, water and energy for the basic well being of people;
(k)preserve and promote community practices and non-market approaches
that have demonstrated to be useful in eradicating poverty and
protecting the environment;
(l)address the concern about inequalities between and within countries
and the related concentration of income and wealth.
//
53. We view the implementation of green economy policies in the context
of sustainable development and poverty eradication as a common
undertaking, and recognize that each country can choose an appropriate
path towards a fair and inclusive future in accordance with national
sustainable development plans, strategies and priorities, while taking
into account that**activities within their jurisdiction or control do
not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond
the limits of national jurisdiction.
54. We acknowledge that green economy in the context of sustainable
development and poverty eradication should**strive**to enhance our
ability to**manage natural resources sustainably and with lower
environmental**impacts, increase resource use**efficiency and reduce
waste, promote the conservation, management and sustainable use of
biodiversity and ecosystem services, and promote sustainable consumption
and production patterns towards the achievement of sustainable development.
55. We urge all countries as appropriate, to**implement green economy
policies in the context of sustainable development and poverty
eradication that have the**potential to drive sustainable growth and
innovation and the creation of green jobs and decent work*,*
particularly for women and youth and people in vulnerable
situations.**We note the importance of ensuring that workers are
equipped with the necessary skills, including through education and
capacity building, and are provided with the necessary social and health
protections. In this regard, we encourage business and industry to
contribute, as appropriate. We also encourage governments to improve
knowledge and statistical capacity on job trends, developments and
constraints and integrate relevant data into national statistics.
56. We call for the integration of social and environmental costs in all
decision making and policy making and acknowledge that it will be
important to take into account the effectiveness, opportunities and
challenges of green economy in the context of sustainable development
and poverty eradication, as well as its environmental, social and
economic benefits, costs and risks, using the best available scientific
data and analysis. We acknowledge that a mix of regulatory measures,
voluntary approaches and market-based mechanisms can promote inclusive
green economy and reaffirm that a framework of social policies at all
levels is vital to promoting sustainable development.
57. We acknowledge that partnerships, networking at all levels and
experience sharing can help countries to learn from one another in
identifying appropriate green economy policies to promote sustainable
development and poverty eradication. We note the positive experiences in
some countries, including in developing countries, in adopting green
economy policies that promote sustainable development and poverty
eradication through an inclusive approach and welcome the voluntary
exchange of experiences as well as capacity building in the different
areas of sustainable development.
58. We recognize the power of communications technologies, including
connection technologies and innovative applications to promote knowledge
exchange and capacity building for a green economy in the context of
sustainable development and poverty eradication. These technologies and
applications build capacity, enable the sharing of experiences and
knowledge in the different areas of sustainable development, foster
transparency and accountability by governments, and encourage and
stimulate broader participation from a variety of stakeholders in
producing and utilizing the open, accurate and credible data required
for sound, scientifically-based policy making.
59. We encourage all countries to design and implement policies related
to a green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty
eradication. We support the creation of a capacity development scheme
involving UN agencies, multilateral and bilateral donors and the private
sector to provide country specific advice, in accordance with national
circumstances and priorities, and assist developing countries in
accessing available funds and technologies. We support utilizing
international platforms and partnerships that enable interested
countries and major groups to share policy options and best practices,
provide country-specific advice, and assist developing countries, upon
request, in accessing available funds and technologies. In this regard,
we acknowledge the ongoing efforts to create and launch platforms such
as the Green Growth Knowledge Platform, and we encourage relevant
institutions, the UN system and stakeholders to join in this effort on a
voluntary basis. We further acknowledge that the capacity development
scheme and these platforms should take fully into account the priority
needs of developing countries, be demand-driven and accountable,
voluntary, established on mutually agreed terms, respect national
differences and priorities, and include:
a)toolboxes of good practices in applying green economy policies in the
context of sustainable development and poverty eradication at all levels;
b)sets of models or good examples of inclusive green economy strategies;
c)voluntary mechanisms to promote development of, and access to, shared
databases under mutually agreed terms, that countries, civil society and
the private sector can use to assess and evaluate progress;
d)sets of methodologies for policy evaluation and of relevant indicators
to measure progress; and
e)directories to facilitate access to technical assistance, training,
finance, technology and capacity building for countries that request
assistance.
60. We invite all countries to consult in their decision-making
processes with relevant major groups and national legislatures, as
appropriate, on matters related to a green economy in the context of
sustainable development and poverty eradication, and invite the
voluntary sharing of experiences and expertise in this regard including
in the appropriate institutional framework for sustainable development
as described in Section IV below.
61. We underscore the importance of governments taking a leadership role
in developing policies and strategies through an inclusive and
transparent process. We also take note of the efforts of those
countries, including developing countries, that have already initiated
processes to prepare national green economy strategies and policies.
62. We invite all countries and other relevant stakeholders, including
the UN Regional Commissions, UN organizations and bodies, other relevant
intergovernmental and regional organizations, International Financial
Institutions and major groups involved in sustainable development,
according to their respective mandates, to work together to support
developing countries, upon request, in the development of strategies and
policies to achieve a green economy in the context of sustainable
development and poverty eradication, in particular in the Least
Developed Countries.
63. We invite business and industry to consult with relevant
stakeholders in a transparent manner to take a green economy approach to
achieving results including greening their supply chains in achieving
the goals of their sustainability strategies.//
64. We encourage existing and new partnerships, in particular
public-private partnerships, to mobilize significant financing from the
private sector, complementing public financing. In this regard,
governments should support initiatives for promoting the contribution of
the private sector.
65. We recognize the critical role of technology as well as the
importance of promoting innovation and urge governments, as appropriate,
to create enabling frameworks that foster and promote investment in
technology and provide incentives for R&D and innovation to support
green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty
eradication.//
66. We recognise the efforts of developing countries in implementing
green economy policies in the context of sustainable development and
poverty eradication should be supported through the provision of means
of implementation, including financial, technical and technological
assistance, such as the transfer of environmentally-sound technology as
mutually agreed, as well as capacity building.
67. We recognise the importance of gathering all relevant economic,
social and environmental information and data and of making the
information available to the public and policy makers for the
achievement of green economy in the context of sustainable development
and poverty eradication. In this regard, support should be provided to
developing countries to enable them to assess their progress and enhance
the effectiveness of their national policies and programs.
**
*IV. _Institutional framework for sustainable development_*
**
*A. Strengthening the three dimensions of sustainable development ***
68. We underscore the importance of a strengthened institutional
framework for sustainable development which responds coherently and
effectively to current and future challenges and efficiently bridges
gaps in the implementation of the sustainable development agenda. The
institutional framework for sustainable development should integrate the
three dimensions of sustainable development in a balanced manner by
strengthening coherence, coordination, review, avoiding duplication of
efforts and monitoring the progress in implementing sustainable
development. We also reaffirm that the framework should be inclusive,
transparent and effective and that it should find common solutions
related to global challenges to sustainable development. *[Agreed ad
ref, G77 check]*
69. We recognize that effective governance at local, sub-national,
national, regional and global levels representing the voices and
interests of all is critical for advancing sustainable development. The
strengthening and reform of the institutional framework should not be an
end in itself, but a means to achieve sustainable development. We
recognize that the institutional framework for sustainable development
at the international level should build on Agenda 21, and JPOI and its
objectives on the institutional framework for sustainable development,
and take into account national priorities. We therefore resolve to
strengthen the institutional framework for sustainable development,
which will, inter alia:
(a)Promote the balanced integration of the three dimensions of
sustainable development.
(b)Be based on an action- and result-oriented approach giving due regard
to all relevant cross-cutting issues.
(c)Underscore the importance of interlinkages among key issues and
challenges and the need for a systematic approach to them at all
relevant levels.
(d)Emphasize the importance of broadening and strengthening the
participation of all countries including developing countries in
decision-making of the UN System and the governance structures of the
IFIs and financial mechanisms of MEAs.
(e)Engage high level political leaders, provide policy guidance, as well
as identify specific actions to promote effective implementation of
sustainable development, including through voluntary sharing of
experiences and lessons learned.
(f)Strengthen the science-policy interface through inclusive,
evidence-based and transparent scientific assessments, as well as access
to reliable, relevant and timely data in areas related to the three
dimensions of sustainable development, building on existing mechanisms,
as appropriate; in this regard, strengthen participation of all
countries in international sustainable development processes and
capacity building especially for developing countries, including in
conducting their own monitoring and assessments. *[Agreed ad ref; G77 to
revert]*
(g)Enhance the participation, effective engagement of civil society and
other relevant stakeholders, as appropriate, and in this regard promote
transparency and broad public participation and partnerships to
implement sustainable development.
(h)Enhance and strengthen monitoring and review on progress made in the
implementation of sustainable development commitments contained in
Agenda 21, the JPOI, and other relevant outcomes of UN conferences and
summits;
(i)Enhance coherence, reduce fragmentation and overlap and increase
effectiveness and efficiency, while reinforcing coordination and
cooperation.
**
*B. Strengthening intergovernmental arrangements for sustainable
development***
70. We acknowledge the vital importance of an inclusive, transparent,
reformed and strengthened, and effective multilateral system in order to
better address the urgent global challenges of sustainable development
today, recognizing the universality and central role of the United
Nations, and reaffirming our commitment to promote and strengthen the
effectiveness and efficiency of the United Nations system.
71. We underscore the need to promote cooperative efforts to better
integrate the three dimensions of sustainable development both within
and outside the United Nations system, including through exchange of
information among the agencies, funds and programmes of the UN System,
and also with the international financial institutions and other
relevant organizations such as the World Trade Organization, within
their respective mandates while ensuring appropriate accountability to
Member States.
72. We emphasize the need for an improved and more effective
institutional framework for sustainable development that should: be
guided by the specific functions required and mandates involved; address
the shortcomings of the current system; take into account all relevant
implications; promote synergies and coherence; seek to avoid duplication
and eliminate unnecessary overlaps within the UN system; and, reduce
administrative burdens, and build on existing arrangements. *[Agreed ad
ref]*
73. We reaffirm the role and authority of the General Assembly on global
matters of concern to the international community, as set out in the
Charter.
74. We further reaffirm the central position of the General Assembly as
the chief deliberative, policy-making and representative organ of the
United Nations. In this regard, we call for the General Assembly to
further integrate sustainable development as a key element of the
overarching framework for United Nations activities and adequately
address sustainable development in its agenda setting, including through
periodic high-level dialogues.
*Economic and Social Council*
75. We reaffirm that the Economic and Social Council is a principal body
for policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on issues of
economic and social development and for the follow-up to the Millennium
Development Goals and a central mechanism for the coordination of the
United Nations system and supervision of the Council's subsidiary
bodies, in particular its functional commissions, and for promoting the
implementation of Agenda 21 by strengthening system-wide coherence and
coordination. We also reaffirm the major role the Council plays in the
overall coordination of funds, programmes and specialized agencies,
ensuring coherence among them and avoiding duplication of mandates and
activities. *[Agreed ad ref]*
76. We further reaffirm the need to continue strengthening of ECOSOC as
a principal organ in the integrated and coordinated follow-up of the
outcomes of all major UN Conferences and summits in the economic, social
and related fields, and recognize its role for achieving a balanced
integration and implementation of the three dimensions of sustainable
development, within its mandate.
**
*High level political forum*
77. We decide to establish an intergovernmental high level political
forum with universal membership, building on existing relevant
structures or bodies including the Commission on Sustainable
Development. The high level political forum shall follow up on the
implementation of the sustainable development commitments contained in
Agenda 21, JPOI, BPOA, MSI, the outcome of this Conference, and other
relevant outcomes of major UN summits and Conferences
78. The high level political forum shall provide political guidance and
enhance the integration of the three dimensions of sustainable
development at all levels, promote system-wide participation and
coordination, including of MEAs, UN Agencies funds and programmes, as
well as other relevant multilateral financial and trade institutions, as
appropriate and in accordance with their respective mandates. The high
level forum shall review progress in the implementation of sustainable
development commitments; promote the sharing of best practices and
experiences relating to the implementation of sustainable development;
promote more intensive participation Major Groups and other relevant
stakeholders; and strengthen the science-policy-interface. The high
level forum shall have a focused, dynamic and action-oriented agenda,
ensuring the appropriate consideration of new and emerging sustainable
development challenges.
79. We decide to launch a universal, intergovernmental and open-ended
negotiation process under the General Assembly to define the high level
forum's form, level of participation, terms of reference, organizational
aspects, and its relationship with the General Assembly and ECOSOC, with
the aim of convening the first meeting of the high level forum during
the 68th session of the General Assembly.
*Note: The Co-Chairs have retained unchanged paragraphs 49 alt to 49 alt
ter of the compilation text as at 4 May.*
*/_[Sustainable Development Council]_/*
[*[Sustainable Development Council -- *Japan, Mexico delete]
/__/
/_49 alt.We resolve to transform the CSD into a Sustainable Development
Council that will serve as the authoritative, high-level body for
consideration of matters relating to the integration of the three
dimensions of sustainable development_/
[49 alt.We resolve to [transform / *replace -- Norway] *the CSD [into /
*by -- Norway] *a Sustainable Development Council that will *[report
directly to the General Assembly and -- Norway] *serve as the
authoritative, high-level body *[subsidiary to the General Assembly --
Liechtenstein] *for consideration of [matters relating to the
integration of the three dimensions of -- Liechtenstein delete]
sustainable development *[, while avoiding duplication of the tasks
carried out by the ECOSOC. -- Norway, Republic of Korea] [on a regular
basis throughout the year -- Liechtenstein.] [,ensuring the full
involvement of relevant UN agencies and bodies as well as the IFIs, and
endowed with, inter alia, a review mechanism of countries' sustainable
development performances-EU*]*-- *G77 bracket; Japan, Mexico delete]
/__/
/_49 alt. bisThe work of the Council should be based on fundamental
documents on sustainable development such as Agenda 21, the Rio
principles and related outcomes. The Council should, inter alia, fully
carry out the functions and mandates of the Commission for Sustainable
Development. It would be guided by the need to promote integration of
the three pillars of sustainable development, promote effective
implementation at all levels and promote effective institutional
coherence. It should help in enhancing the involvement of all
stakeholders, particularly major groups, in the follow-up of Rio+20. _/
[49 alt. bisThe work of the Council should be based on fundamental
documents on sustainable development such as Agenda 21, the Rio
principles *[, the JPoI-EU] *and related outcomes. [The Council should,
inter alia, *[*fully carry out the functions and mandates of the
Commission for Sustainable Development-EU delete] / *address emerging
issues and review progress on sustainable development -- Norway]*. [It
would be guided by the need to promote integration of the three pillars
of sustainable development, *[address emerging issues and review
sustainability progress, with meetings held on a regular basis
throughout the year and -- Switzerland] *promote effective
implementation at all levels and promote effective institutional
coherence *[basing its work on a strong science-policy interface.
Building on and strengthening those CSD working methods worth
preserving, it-EU, Serbia]* *[, including building the stronger links
between its program of work and the activities of the relevant regional
bodies and national councils for sustainable development. -- Montenegro,
Serbia; RoK move to para 61] [within the UN system. The Council should
address emerging issues and review sustainability progress and The
Council would develop a peer review mechanism that would encourage
states, in a constructive spirit, to explain their policies, to share
experiences and lessons learned, and to fulfil their commitments*. --
*Switzerland]* *[It should aim at high-level political attendance from
all three dimensions of sustainable development and be mandated to make
decisions and assess progress according to national commitments. --
Norway] *It should *[also -- Switzerland]* *[engage relevant
international institutions and -- Norway] *help [in -- Republic of Korea
delete] [enhancing/ensuring -- EU] the involvement of all stakeholders,
particularly major groups, [*by endowing civil society representatives
an enhanced participation status -- EU*] in the follow-up of Rio+20. --
G77 bracket; Japan, Mexico delete]
**
*[49 alt bis alt. The work of the Council should be based on fundamental
documents on sustainable development such as Agenda 21, the Rio
principles and related outcomes. The Council should fully carry out the
functions and mandates of the Commission for Sustainable Development. It
would be guided by the need to promote integration of the three pillars
of sustainable development, review implementation, progress, and policy
development on sustainable development at all levels, and to further
promote dialogue, partnerships, and meaningful participation of all
stakeholders, in particular governments and major groups and
international or regional forums and organizations dealing with matters
of global concern. The Council should also be mandated to:*
**
*a)Support governments at all levels in moving towards a green economy
and in developing and implementing their own sustainable development
policies;*
*b)Address emerging issues, including developing policy recommendations
and initiating responses;*
*d)Promote effective implementation of sustainable development,
including through accountability and monitoring mechanisms such as a
periodic review;*
*e)Prepare through joint effort with the heads of relevant international
organizations, including relevant United Nations agencies, international
financial institutions, the private sector and other relevant
stakeholders, a regular global sustainable development outlook report
that brings together information and assessments currently dispersed
across institutions, and analyses them in an integrated way; -
Liechtenstein]*
**
*[Pre 49 alt terThe work of the Council should not create institutional
overlaps, but rather promote effective coordination and coherence within
the UN system. -- Liechtenstein]*
**
*[Pre 49 alt ter bis A key task for the Council should be to ensure
effective implementation, accountability and exchange of experiences
through a periodic review of national performance. -- Norway]*
**
/_49 altter.We request the President of the General Assembly to conduct
open, transparent and inclusive negotiations, with the aim of
establishing the mandate, modalities, functions, size, composition,
membership, working methods and procedures of the Council and report on
the outcome before the end of the 67th session of the General Assembly. _/
[49 alt terWe request [the President of the General Assembly to conduct
open, transparent and inclusive negotiations, with the aim of
establishing the mandate, modalities, functions, size, composition,
membership, working methods and procedures of the Council and report on
the outcome /*the Secretary-General to develop proposals to give effect
to these reforms for consideration by the General Assembly --EU] *before
the end of the 67th session of the General Assembly. -- G77 bracket;
Japan, Mexico delete]
80. We agree to further consider the establishment or appointment of a
High-level Representative for Sustainable Development and Future
Generations, possibly to be located within an existing office as the
high-level voice called upon to promote an integrated and coherent
approach to sustainable development through continuous dialogue with
policy-makers, the UN system and civil society.
*C.**Environmental pillar*
81. We reaffirm the need to strengthen international environmental
governance within the context of the institutional framework for
sustainable development, in order to promote a balanced integration of
the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable
development.
82. We are committed to strengthening the role of the United Nations
Environment Programme that promotes the coherent implementation of the
environmental dimension of sustainable development. We reaffirm
resolution 2997 (XXVII) of 15 December 1972 which established UNEP and
other relevant resolutions that reinforce its mandate, as well as the
1997 Nairobi and 2000 Malmö Ministerial Declarations. In this regard,
strengthening UNEP should have the following aims and objectives:
(a)Establish universal membership in the Governing Council of UNEP, as
well as other measures to strengthen its governance and accountability
to Member States;
(b)Serve as an authoritative advocate for the global environment.
(c)Have secure, stable, adequate and predictable financial contributions
to fulfil its mandate;
(d)Have the authority to adequately fulfil its coordination mandate
within the UN System;
(e)Undertake efforts to enhance synergies among multilateral
environmental agreements, where feasible and appropriate;
(f)Promote the science-policy interface, building on existing
international instruments, assessments, panels and information networks;
(g)Disseminate environmental information and raise awareness on critical
environmental issues;
(h)Provide capacity building to countries support and facilitate access
to technology;
(i)Be based in Nairobi and have a strengthened regional presence in
order to assist improved implementation at the national level, working
closely with other relevant entities of the UN system.
83 alt 1. We invite the General Assembly to strengthen UNEP by giving
effect to the above measures, by the end of the 67^th session.
83 alt 2. We resolve to establish a UN specialized agency for the
environment, operating on an equal footing with other UN specialized
agencies. In this regard, we decide to establish an Intergovernmental
Negotiating Committee to prepare the statute for such a specialized
agency, for consideration by the General Assembly before the end of its
67^th session.
84. We recognize the significant contributions to sustainable
development made by the multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs).We
acknowledge the work already undertaken to enhance synergies among the
three Conventions in the chemicals and waste cluster (the Basel,
Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions). We encourage parties to MEAs to
consider further measures, in these and other clusters, as appropriate,
to promote policy coherence at all relevant levels, improve efficiency,
reduce unnecessary overlap and duplication, and enhance coordination and
cooperation among MEAs, including the three Rio Conventions as well as
with the UN system in the field.
85. We stress the need for the continuation of a regular review of the
state of the Earth and in this regard, we welcome such initiatives as
the Global Environmental Outlook process aimed at bringing together
information and assessments to support informed decision making.
**
*D. IFIs and UN operational activities*
**
86. We recognize that sustainable development should be given due
consideration by the IFIs, and the United Nations Conference on Trade
and Development (UNCTAD) and other relevant entities, in accordance with
their respective existing mandates. In this regard, we invite them to
further enhance mainstreaming of sustainable development in their
respective mandates, programs, strategies and decision-making processes,
in support of all countries in particular developing countries' efforts
in the achievement of sustainable development. *[Agreed ad ref] *
87. We reaffirm the need to continue to broaden and strengthen the
participation of developing countries in international economic
decision-making and norm-setting, take note of recent important
decisions on reform of the governance structures, quotas and voting
rights of the Bretton Woods institutions, better reflecting current
realities and enhancing the voice and participation of developing
countries, and reaffirms the need to continue the reform of the
governance of those institutions in order to deliver more effective,
credible, accountable and legitimate institutions.
88. We call for the further mainstreaming of the three dimensions of
sustainable development throughout the UN System, and request the
Secretary-General to report to the GA through ECOSOC on the progress
made in this regard. We also call for and recognize the importance of
the strengthening of policy coordination within key UN Secretariat
structures so as to ensure system-wide coherence in support of
sustainable development, while ensuring accountability to Member States.
89. We call on the governing bodies of the funds, programmes and
specialized agencies of the UN development system to consider
appropriate measures for integrating the social, economic and
environmental dimensions across the UN System's operational activities.
We also emphasize that increasing the financial contributions to the
United Nations development system is key to achieving the
internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium
Development Goals, and in this regard we recognize the mutually
reinforcing links among increased effectiveness, efficiency and
coherence of the United Nations development system, achieving concrete
results in assisting developing countries in eradicating poverty and
achieving sustained economic growth and sustainable development. In this
context, we note the importance of the quadrennial comprehensive policy
review (QCPR).
90. We emphasise the need to strengthen operational activities for
development of the UN system in the field that are well aligned with
national sustainable development priorities of developing countries. In
this regard, we emphasize that the fundamental principles of UN
operational activities set forth in the relevant UN GA resolutions
provide the overarching framework for all matters pertaining to the UN
development assistance operations in the field. We recognize the
importance of strengthening UN system coordination, and in this regard
welcome the independent evaluation of the "Delivering as one" initiative.
91. We call on the UN system to set an example of sustainability
management in its facilities and operations, building on existing
efforts and within existing resources.
**
*E. Regional, national, sub-national, local [Agreed ad ref]*
92. We acknowledge the importance of the regional dimension of
sustainable development. Regional frameworks can complement and
facilitate effective translation of global policies into concrete action
at national level. *[Agreed ad ref]*
93. We encourage regional, national, sub-national and local authorities
as appropriate to develop and utilize sustainable development strategies
as key instruments for guiding decision-making and implementation of
sustainable development at all levels. We recognize that integrated
social, economic, and environmental data and information is important to
decision-making processes and should be based on effective national
monitoring and assessment capacity at the appropriate levels.
94. We emphasize that regional and sub-regional organizations, including
the UN regional commissions and their sub-regional offices, have a
significant role to play in promoting a balanced integration of the
economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development
in their respective regions. We underscore the need to support these
institutions, including through the UN system, in the effective
operationalization and implementation of sustainable development, and to
facilitate institutional coherence and harmonization of relevant
development policies, plans and programmes. In this regard, we urge
these institutions to prioritize sustainable development through, inter
alia, more efficient and effective capacity building, development and
implementation of regional agreements and arrangements as appropriate,
and exchange of information, best practices, and lessons learnt. We also
welcome regional and cross-regional initiatives for sustainable
development. We furthermore recognize the need to ensure effective
linkage among global, regional, sub-regional and national processes to
advance sustainable development. We encourage the enhancement of the UN
regional commissions and their sub-regional offices in their respective
capacities to support member states in implementing sustainable
development. [*Agreed ad ref*]
95. We underline the need for more coherent and integrated planning and
decision-making at the national, sub-national and local levels as
appropriate and, to this end, we call on countries to strengthen
national, sub-national and/or local institutions or relevant
multi-stakeholderbodies and processes, as appropriate, dealing with
sustainable development, including to coordinate on matters of
sustainable development and to enable effective integration of the three
dimensions of sustainable development.
96. We welcome regional and cross-regional initiatives for sustainable
development, such as the Green Bridge Partnership which is voluntary and
open for participation of all partners.
97. We underscore the need to ensure long-term political commitment to
sustainable development taking into account national circumstances and
priorities and, in this regard, we encourage all countries to undertake
the necessary actions to enact effective legislation that enables
sustainable development.
*V.**_Framework for action and follow-up_*
*__*
*A. Thematic areas and cross-sectoral issues***
Chapeau 1. We recognize that in order to achieve the objective of the
Conference, namely to secure renewed political commitment for
sustainable development, as well as to address the themes of a green
economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty
eradication and the institutional framework for sustainable development,
we need to overcome remaining gaps in the implementation of the outcomes
of the major summits on sustainable development and seize new
opportunities. We therefore resolve to focus on achieving progress in
the implementation of global commitments and to address new and emerging
challenges through the actions enumerated below in this framework for
action, in accordance with the Rio principles and supported as
appropriate through provision of means of implementation. We recognize
that goals, targets and indicators, including where appropriate
gender-sensitive indicators, are valuable in measuring and accelerating
progress. We further note that progress with implementation of the
actions stipulated below can be enhanced byvoluntarily sharing
information, knowledge and experience.
*Poverty eradication*
Poverty 1.We recognize that, three years from the 2015 target date of
the MDGs, while there has been progress in reducing poverty in some
regions, this progress has been uneven and the number of people living
in poverty in some countries continues to increase, with women and
children constituting the majority of the most affected groups,
especially in the least developed countries and particularly in Africa.
Poverty 2. We recognize that sustained, inclusive and equitable economic
growth in developing countries is a key requirement for eradicating
poverty and hunger and achieving the MDGs. In this regard, we emphasize
that national efforts of developing countries should be complemented by
an enabling environment aimed at expanding the development opportunities
of developing countries. We also emphasize the need to accord the
highest priority to poverty eradication within the United Nations
development agenda, addressing the root causes and challenges of poverty
through integrated, coordinated and coherent strategies at all levels.
Poverty 3. We recognize that promoting universal access to social
services can make an important contribution to consolidating and
achieving development gains. Social protection systems that address and
reduce inequality and social exclusion are essential for eradicating
poverty and advancing the achievement of the Millennium Development
Goals. In this regard, we strongly encourage initiatives at all levels
aimed at providing social protection for all people.
*Sustainable agriculture, food security and nutrition***
Food 1. We reaffirm the right of everyone to have access to safe,
sufficient and nutritious food, consistent with the right to adequate
food and the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger.We
acknowledge that food security has become a pressing global challenge
and, in this regard,we further reaffirm our commitment to promoting
global food security and access to adequate, safe and nutritious food
for present and future generations. We call upon the international
community and the United Nations to support States in their efforts to
ensure national food production, in accordance with national food
security strategies.
Food 2. We recognize that a majority of the world's poor live in rural
areas, and that rural communities play an important role in the economic
development of many countries. We emphasize the need to revitalize the
agricultural and rural development sectors in developing countries in an
economically, socially and environmentally sustainable manner, in order
to increase agricultural productivity, improve livelihoods of rural
communities, promote economic growth and achieve food security. In this
context, we note the importance of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture
to food security.
Food 3. We agree to address the needs of rural communities through,
inter alia, promoting access to credit and other financial services,
markets, and secure land tenure, in particular for women, indigenous
peoples and those living in vulnerable situations. We agree to promote
rural women's equal access to productive resources, including land, as
well as to markets, technologies, finance, education and training,
health care and social services.We also agree to work for increasing
access to safe drinking water and sanitation; increasing access to
modern sources of energy; promoting sustainable practices in the
agricultural sector; and increasing investments in sustainable rural
development programmes.
*[New EU para:**We therefore agree to the following target: By 2020
achieve an increase of access of small-holder farmers, especially women
in rural areas, to agricultural land, markets and finance, training,
capacity-building, knowledge and innovative practices. --EU; /G77, US,
Canada, Australia, Japan reserves position./]*
Food 4.We stress the need to sustainably increase agricultural
production and productivity, including by enhancing international
support mechanisms particularly for the developing countries, with a
view to: increasing public and private investment in agriculture and
rural development, particularly for sustainable farming and land
management; expandingaccess to well-functioning markets, credit and
finance, including microcredit and microfinance; promoting transfer of
agricultural technologies, including for efficient irrigation, reuse of
treated waste water,water harvesting and storage; developing strong
agricultural cooperatives; investing in infrastructure, storage
capacities and related technologies to reduce post-harvest losses; and
strengtheningurban-rural linkages.
**
*[New EU para:**We agree to the following targets: (1) By 2020, increase
public and private investment in sustainable agriculture and agri-food
chains and ensure that sustainable agriculture and agro-forestry systems
are fully integrated into relevant national and sectoral strategies; (2)
By 2030, significantly reduce post-harvest losses and the amount of
edible food waste throughout the food cycle. --EU; /Australia, G77,
Switzerland reserves position; RoK supports para but would like more
concrete language./]*
Food 5. We reaffirm the necessity to promote sustainable agriculture and
food production, including crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and
aquaculture, in order to enhance food security, eradicate poverty and
hunger, and support the conservation and sustainable use of natural
resources. We recognize that a range of technologies, techniques and
improved practices are needed to make agriculture more
resource-efficient and sustainable. We also recognize the need to
maintain natural ecological processes that support food production
systems. In this regard, we call upon all States to prioritize an
approach to sustainable and resource-efficient agricultural production
based on science and its integration with traditional knowledge as
appropriate, with the aim to increase the productivity and resilience of
agriculture to climate change and natural disasters as well as to reduce
pollution associated with agriculture. In this regard, particular
attention should be given to supporting small agricultural producers and
vulnerable populations. We underline the importance of advancing
research and development in sustainable agricultural technologies, with
particular emphasis on those adapted and affordable to small
agricultural producers.
**
*[New para:**By 2020 achieve an increase of global agricultural
productivity, based on sustainable agriculture, with a view to achieving
food security and protecting and maintaining biodiversity and ecosystems
services. -- EU]*
Food 6. We stress the need to enhance sustainable livestock production
systems, including through improving pasture land and irrigation schemes
in line with national rules and regulations, enhanced sustainable water
management systems, and efforts to eradicate and prevent the spread of
animal diseases, recognizing that the livelihoods of farmers including
pastoralists and the health of livestock are intertwined.
Food 7. We also stress the crucial role of healthy marine ecosystems,
sustainable fisheries, and sustainable aquaculture for food security and
nutrition, and in providing for the livelihoods of millions of people.
Food 8. We underline the importance of supporting and advancing research
and innovation in improving and diversifying crop varieties and seed
systems, as well as supporting the establishment of sustainable
agricultural systems and management practices. We stress the need to
promote conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources for food
and agriculture and in this regard we recognize the role of traditional
seed supply systems of indigenous peoples, local communities and
smallholder and family farmers in contributing to food security and the
conservation of biodiversity.
Food 9. We support the work of the Committee on Food Security (CFS), and
we call on countries to implement the CFS Voluntary Guidelines on the
Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the
Context of National Food Security and to support the CFS process on
Principles for Responsible Agricultural Investment (PRAI).
Food 10. We underline the instrumental role of agricultural technology,
agricultural research and technology transfer as mutually agreed, as
well as the sharing of knowledge and practices, in furthering
sustainable development, and support strengthening investments in
agricultural and food-related research, innovation, extension, and
education, including through the Consultative Group on International
Agricultural Research. We support initiatives at all levels that improve
access to information, technical knowledge and know-how, that empower
farmers and fishers to choose among diverse methods of promoting
agriculture and using appropriate environmentally sound technologies.
Food 11. We stress the need to address the root causes of excessive food
price volatility, including its structural causes, at all levels, and
the need to manage the risks linked to high and excessively volatile
prices in agriculture commodities and their consequences for global food
security and nutrition, as well as for smallholder farmers and poor
urban dwellers. We recognize the need to support a comprehensive and
coordinated response to address the multiple and complex causes of the
global food crisis, including the adoption of political, economic,
social, financial and technical solutions in the short, medium and long
terms by national Governments and the international community, including
for mitigating the impact of high and excessively volatile food prices
on developing countries.
Food 12. We support initiatives to improve market efficiencies,
including the provision of timely, reliable, disaggregated and accurate
data and information on agricultural markets to support the achievement
of food security, and in this regard we welcome the Agricultural Market
Information System (AMIS).
Food 13. We stress that a universal, rules-based, open,
non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system will
promote agriculture and rural development in developing countries and
contribute to world food security. We call upon Member States and the
World Trade Organization to take measures to promote trade policies that
would be capable of promoting further trade in agriculture products,
identifying the obstacles to trade which have the most serious impact on
the world's poor and contributing to supporting small-scale and
marginalized producers in developing countries.
**
*Water*
Water 1. We reaffirm our commitments regarding the human right to safe
and clean drinking water and sanitation as essential for the full
enjoyment of life. We commit to the progressive realization of universal
access to safe and clean drinking water and basic sanitation, with a
particular emphasis on people living in vulnerable situations. In this
regard, we reaffirm our commitment to increase access to safe and clean
drinking water and basic sanitation in accordance with national
legislation and consistent with our goal to halve, by 2015, the
proportion of people without access to safe drinking water and basic
sanitation. We also highlight our commitment to the 2005-2015
International Decade for Action "Water for Life."
*[New EU para**: By 2030 achieve universal, sustainable and equitable
access to safe and clean drinking water and basic sanitation as
necessary for poverty eradication and to protect human health, as well
as improve the well-being, particularly for the most vulnerable. --EU;
/RoK to consider]/*
Water 2. We recognize that water is at the core of sustainable
development as it is closely linked to a number of key global
challenges. In this regard, we reaffirm the commitments made in the JPOI
and the Millennium Declaration regarding the development of Integrated
Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Water Efficiency Plans, ensuring
sustainable water use through integrated water resource management and
increased resource efficiency. In this regard, we support the efforts of
developing countries towards efficient and sustainable water resources
management, in response to their national development priorities
including by ensuring mobilization of resources, both public and private
to achieve this objective.
Water 3. We further highlight the critical importance of water and
sanitation within the context of the three dimensions of sustainable
development, including for poverty and hunger eradication, gender
equality and women's empowerment, public health, agriculture and food
security, rural development, production of energy, as well as for the
protection of biodiversity and ecosystems. We therefore reiterate the
importance of integrating water in development and all relevant sectoral
policies.
Water 4. We commit to adopt measures, in accordance with national
legislation and planning frameworks, to reduce water pollution from
households, industrial and agricultural sources, reduce water loss,
increase water efficiency and wastewater treatment, promote the use of
treated wastewater as a resource, as well as other non-conventional
water resources, such as desalinated water, when appropriate.
**
*[New EU para:**We agree to the following target: (1) Improve and secure
status of water quality and water-related ecosystems with the aim to
reduce water-borne diseases, eradicate poverty and promote environmental
protection. (2) Significantly reduce water pollution including by
hazardous chemicals from households, industrial and agricultural
sources, significantly improve wastewater collection and treatment and
the reuse of water, including the use of wastewater as a resource,
particularly in expanding urban areas. --EU; /G77, New Zealand, US,
Canada, Japan, Australia reserves; RoK to consider/] *
**
*[New EU para :**By 2030, significantly improve water efficiency
globally, particularly with regard to water use in buildings, supply
systems, agricultural and industrial processes and energy production,
through the use of indicators and the development of water efficiency
plans, adapting to local circumstances and including sustainable
approaches to supply and demand, with the aim of significantly
decreasing the percentage of river basins that are water-stressed [as
well as increasing the number of coordinated water utilization in
transboundary basins-Switzerland**]**.-EU; /Canada, G77, Japan,
Australia, US reserves; RoK to consider]/*
Water 5. We recognise the importance of inclusive basin-based
cooperation at national, transboundary and international levels, as
appropriate, for water resource management, and of reducing
institutional fragmentation. In this regard, we welcome the General
Assembly Resolution A/RES/65/154 designating 2013 as the International
Year of Water Cooperation.We recognize that capacity development and the
exchange of experiences, best practices and lessons learned contribute
to successful, long-term development in the water sector.
*[New EU para : **By 2030, significantly improve the implementation of
integrated water resource management at local, national and
transboundary levels to maintain and achieve good water status and
protect ecosystems and natural resources. --EU; US reserves]*
*Energy*
Energy 1. We recognize the critical role that energy plays in
the**development process, as access to sustainable modern energy
services contributes to poverty eradication, saves lives, improves
health and helps provide basic human needs. We stress that these
services are essential to social inclusion and gender equality, and that
energy is also a key input to production. We support efforts to allow
access to these services by 1.4 billion people worldwide who are
currently without these services. We recognize that access to these
services is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development.
Energy 2. We emphasize the need to address the challenge of access to
and affordability of sustainable modern energy services for all, in
particular for the poor who are unable to afford these services even
when they are available. We emphasize the need to take further action to
improve this situation, including by mobilizing adequate financial
resources, to provide these services in a reliable, affordable,
economically viable, and socially and environmentally acceptable manner
in developing countries.
Energy 3. We reaffirm support for the implementation of national and
sub-national policies and strategies, based on individual national
circumstances and development aspirations, using an appropriate energy
mix to meet developmental needs, including through increased use of
renewable energy sources and other low-emission technologies, the more
efficient use of energy, greater reliance on advanced energy
technologies, including cleaner fossil fuel technologies, and the
sustainable use of traditional energy resources. We commit to promoting
sustainable modern energy services for all through national and
sub-national efforts, inter alia, on electrification and dissemination
of sustainable cooking and heating solutions, including through
collaborative actions to share best practices and adopt policies, as
appropriate. We urge governments to create enabling environments that
facilitate public and private sector investment in relevant and needed
cleaner energy technologies.
Energy 4. We also recognize the importance of cleaner and
energy-efficient technologies in addressing climate change and in
achieving the objective of limiting the global average temperature
increase. We also recognize the need for energy efficiency measures in
urban planning, buildings, and transportation, and in the production of
goods and services and in the design of products. We also recognize the
importance of promoting incentives in favour of, and removing
disincentives to, energy efficiency and the diversification of the
energy mix, including promoting technology research and development in
developing countries.
Energy 5. We note with appreciation the Secretary General's "Sustainable
Energy for All" initiative and its aspirational goals of ensuring
universal access to modern energy services by 2030; doubling the global
rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030; and doubling the share
of renewable energy in the global energy mix by 2030. We recognize the
importance of the mobilization and timely delivery of domestic and
international financial resources to achieve these results. We encourage
voluntary follow-up efforts to coordinate and to catalyse public-private
partnerships and to track progress towards its three goals and, in this
regard, we encourage States and relevant stakeholders, including the
private sector, to conduct, as appropriate, collaborative international
research and capacity development.
Energy 6. We recognize the need to consider, as appropriate, reforms
that would lead to the rationalisation and phasing out over the medium
term of environmentally or economically harmful subsidies, including
energy subsidies such as for fossil fuels, that inhibit sustainable
development, taking fully into account the specific conditions and
different levels of development of individual countries, and in a manner
that protects the poor and eases the transition for the affected
vulnerable communities.
*Sustainable tourism*
Tourism 1. We emphasize that well designed and managed tourism can make
a significant contribution to the three dimensions of sustainable
development, has close linkages to other sectors, and can create decent
jobs and generate trade opportunities. We recognize the need to support
sustainable tourism activities and relevant capacity building that
promote environmental awareness, conserve and protect the environment,
respect wildlife, flora, biodiversity and ecosystems and cultural
diversity, and improve the welfare and livelihoods of local communities
by supporting their local economies and the human and natural
environment as a whole. We call for enhanced support for sustainable
tourism activities and relevant capacity building in developing
countries in order to contribute to the achievement of sustainable
development. [*Agreed ad ref -- Canada may wish to revisit*]
Tourism 2.We encourage the promotion of investment in sustainable
tourism, including eco-tourism and cultural tourism, which may include
creating small- and medium-sized enterprises and facilitating access to
finance, including through microcredit initiatives for the poor,
indigenous peoples and local communities in areas with high eco-tourism
potential. In this regard, we underline the importance of establishing,
where necessary, appropriate guidelines and regulations in accordance
with national priorities and legislation for promoting and supporting
sustainable tourism. [*agreed ad ref*]
*Sustainable transport*
Transport 1. We note that transportation and mobility are central to
sustainable development. Sustainable transportation can enhance economic
growth as well as regional access. Sustainable transport achieves better
integration of the economy while respecting the environment by reducing
pollution and emissions. We recognize the importance of the efficient
movement of people and goods and access by all the population to
environmentally sound, safe and affordable transportation as a means to
improve social equity, health, resilience of cities, urban-rural
linkages and productivity of rural areas.In this regard, we take into
account road safety as a part of our efforts to achieve sustainable
development.
Transport 2. We support the development of sustainable transport
systems, including energy efficient multi-modal transport systems,
notably public mass transportation systems, clean fuels and vehicles, as
well as improved transportation systems in rural areas. We recognize the
need to promote an integrated approach to policy-making at the national,
regional and local levels for transport services and systems to promote
sustainable development. We also recognize that the interests and
concerns of [landlocked and transit developing countries need to be
taken into account while establishing transit transport systems.
*Sustainable cities and human settlements *
Cities 1.We recognize that, if planned and developed soundly including
through integrated planning and management approaches, cities can
promote economically productive, socially cohesive, and environmentally
sustainable societies. In this regard, we recognize the need for a
holistic approach to urban development and human settlements that
provides for affordable housing and infrastructure and prioritizes slum
upgrading and urban regeneration. We commit to work towards improving
the quality of human settlements, including the living and working
conditions of both urban and rural dwellers in the context of poverty
eradication so that all people have access to basic services, housing
and mobility. We also recognize the need for conservation as appropriate
of the natural and cultural heritage of human settlements, the
revitalization of historic districts, and the rehabilitation of city
centres.
Cities 2. We commit to promote an integrated approach to planning and
building sustainable cities and urban settlements, including support and
empowerment of local authorities and enhanced participation of urban
residents, including the poor, in decision making. We also commit to
promote sustainable development policies that support inclusive housing
and social services; a safe and healthy living environment for all,
particularly for children, youth, and women; affordable and sustainable
transport and energy; safe and clean drinking water and sanitation;
healthy air quality; and improved land-use planning. We support
environmentally sustainable urbanization, including the development of
resilient, energy-efficient and water-efficient buildings and
infrastructure. We further support sustainable management of waste
through the application of the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle), and we
underline the importance of fully considering disaster risk reduction,
resilience and climate risks in urban planning. We recognize the efforts
of cities to balance development with rural regions. We are convinced
that building sustainable cities with resilient and energy-efficient
infrastructure and technology can facilitate and encourage sustainable
behaviour and lifestyles.
Cities 3. We emphasize the importance of increasing the number of
metropolitan regions, cities and towns that are implementing policies
for sustainable urban planning and design in order to respond
effectively to the expected growth of urban populations in coming
decades. We note that sustainable urban planning benefits from the
involvement of multiple stakeholders as well as from full use of
information and gender-disaggregated data including on demographic
trends, income distribution and informal settlements. We recognize the
important role of municipal governments in setting a vision for
sustainable cities, from the initiation of city planning through to
revitalization of older cities and neighborhoods, including by adopting
energy efficiency programmes in building management and developing
sustainable transport systems.
Cities 4. We recognize that partnerships among cities and communities
play an important role in promoting sustainable development. In this
regard, we stress the need to strengthen cooperation mechanisms or
platforms, partnership arrangements and other implementation tools for
sustainable urbanization with active involvement of the relevant UN
entities including UN-HABITAT. Such cooperation mechanisms and
arrangements may foster mobilization of resources from all sources,
public and private, voluntary knowledge sharing and technology transfer,
and capacity building for sustainable cities.
**
*Health and population*
Health 1. We recognize that health is a precondition for, an outcome of,
and an indicator of all three dimensions of sustainable development. We
understand the goals of sustainable development can only be achieved in
the absence of a high prevalence of debilitating communicable and
non-communicable diseases, and where populations reach a state of
physical, mental and social well-being. We are convinced that action on
the social and environmental determinants of health, both for vulnerable
groups and the entire population, is important to create inclusive,
equitable, economically productive and healthy societies. We recognize
that reducing air, water and chemical pollution, leads to positive
effects on health. We call for the full realization of the right to the
highest attainable standard of health.
Health 2. We also recognize that universal health coverage is
fundamental to enhancing health, social cohesion and sustainable human
and economic development. We pledge to strengthen health systems towards
the provision of equitable universal coverage. We call for the
involvement of all relevant actors for coordinated multi-sectoral action
to address urgently the health needs of the world's population.
Health 3. We emphasize that HIV and AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis,
influenza, polio and other communicable diseases remain serious global
concerns, and we commit to redoubling efforts to achieve universal
access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support, as well as to
renewing and strengthening the fight against malaria, tuberculosis, and
neglected tropical diseases. (*agreed ad ref*)
Health 4. We acknowledge that the global burden and threat of
non-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitutes one of the major challenges
for sustainable development in the twenty-first century. We commit to
strengthen health systems toward the provision of equitable, universal
coverage and promote affordable access to prevention, treatment, care
and support related to NCDs, especially cancer, cardiovascular diseases,
chronic pulmonary diseases and diabetes. We also commit to establish or
strengthen multi-sectoral national policies for the prevention and
control of non-communicable diseases, with a focus on key risk factors.
Health 5. We reaffirm the right to use, to the full, the provisions
contained in the agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights, the Doha Declaration on the Agreement on Trade-Related
Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Public Health, the decision
of the World Trade Organization General Council of 30th August 2003 on
the implementation of paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS
agreement and public health, and, when formal acceptance procedures are
completed, the amendment to article 31 of the agreement, which provides
flexibilities for the protection of public health, and, in particular,
to promote access to medicines for all, and encourage the provision of
assistance to developing countries in this regard. We also call for a
broad and timely acceptance of the amendment to the article 31 of the
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, as
proposed by the World Trade Organization General Council in its decision
of 6 December 2005.
Health 6. We call for further collaboration and cooperation at national
and international levels to strengthen health systems through increased
health financing, improved training of the health work force, improved
distribution and access to essential and affordable medicines, vaccines
and medical technologies, and through improving health infrastructure.
We support the World Health Organization as the directing and
coordinating authority on global health.
Health 7. We commit to systematically consider population trends and
projections in our national, rural and urban development strategies and
policies. Through forward-looking planning, we can seize the
opportunities and address the challenges associated with demographic change.
Health 8. We remain committed to the full implementation of the
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and
Development, the key actions for further implementation of the Programme
of Action and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, and
intend to pay special attention to gender equality and women's
empowerment, and sexual and reproductive health.
Health 9. We commit to reduce maternal and child mortality, and to
improve the health of women, adolescents and children. We reaffirm our
commitment to gender equality and to protect the human rights of women,
men and adolescents to have control over and decide freely and
responsibly on matters related to their sexuality, including sexual and
reproductive health, free from coercion, discrimination and violence. We
will work actively to ensure that health systems provide the necessary
information and health services addressing the sexual and reproductive
needs of women and their reproductive rights, including ensuring
universal access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable modern
methods of family planning, as this is essential for women's health and
human rights and advancing gender equality.
**
*Promoting green jobs, full and productive employment, decent work for
all, and social protection*
Jobs 1. We recognize that poverty eradication, full and productive
employment and decent work for all, and social integration are
interrelated and mutually reinforcing, and that an enabling environment
to promote these needs to be created at all levels.
Jobs 2. We are concerned about labour market conditions and widespread
deficits of available decent work opportunities, especially for young
women and men. We urge all governments to address the global challenge
of youth employment by developing and implementing strategies and
policies that provide young people everywhere access to decent and
productive work as, over the coming decades, hundreds of millions of
decent jobs, including green jobs, will need to be created to be able
ensure sustainable and inclusive development and reduce poverty.
Jobs 3. We recognize the importance of job creation by investing in and
developing environmentally-sound, cost-effective and efficient economic
and social infrastructure and productive capacities for sustainable
development and sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth. We
call on countries to enhance infrastructure investment for sustainable
development and we encourage the international financial institutions to
support developing countries, particularly the least developed
countries, in this regard.
Jobs 4. We emphasize the need to enhance employment and income
opportunities for all, especially for women and men living in poverty
and, in this regard, we support national efforts to provide new job
opportunities to the poor in both rural and urban areas, including
support to small and medium enterprises.
Jobs 5. We recognize that workers should have access to education,
skills, healthcare, social security, fundamental rights at work, social
and legal protections, including occupational safety and health, and
opportunities. Governments, trade unions and workers, and employers all
have a role to play in promoting decent work for all, including green
jobs, and all should help youth gain access to needed skills and
employment opportunities including in new and emerging sectors. Women
and men should have equal access to opportunities to acquire job skills
as well as to worker protections. We recognize the importance of
programmes to help workers adjust to changing labour market conditions.
Jobs 6. We also recognize that informal unpaid work, performed mostly by
women, contributes substantially to human wellbeing and sustainable
development. In this regard, we agree to take measures to ensure safe
and decent working conditions and access to social protection and education.
Jobs 7. We recognize that opportunities for the greening of existing
jobs and job creation can be availed through, inter alia, public and
private investments in scientific and technological innovation, public
works in restoring, regenerating and conserving natural resources and
ecosystems, and social and community services. We are encouraged by
government initiatives to create jobs for poor people in restoring and
managing natural resources and ecosystems, and we encourage the private
sector to contribute to decent work and green job creation for both
women and men, and particularly for the youth, including through
partnerships with small and medium enterprises as well as cooperatives.
In this regard, we acknowledge the importance of efforts to promote the
exchange of information and knowledge on green jobs and related skills
and to facilitate the integration of relevant data into national
economic and employment policies.
Jobs 8. We decide to launch an intergovernmental process under the UN
General Assembly to negotiate a global strategy on employment in order
to address the high levels of unemployment and under-employment, in
particular among youth.
Jobs 9. We stress the need to provide social protection to all members
of society, fostering growth, resilience, social justice and cohesion,
including those who are not employed in the formal economy and migrants.
In this regard, we strongly encourage national and local initiatives
aimed at providing social protection floors for all citizens. We call
for a global dialogue on best practices for social protection programmes
that takes into account the three dimensions of sustainable development.
Jobs 10. We acknowledge the important nexus between international
migration and development and in this regard we call upon States to
promote and protect the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all
migrants, regardless of their migration status, especially those of
women and children, taking into account their economic and social
circumstances. We further recognize the importance of renewing the
political will to act cooperatively and constructively in addressing
international migration and to address international migration through
international, regional or bilateral cooperation and dialogue.
*Oceans and seas*
Oceans 1. We recognize that oceans, seas and coastal areas form an
integrated and essential component of the Earth's ecosystem and are
critical to sustaining it and that international law, as reflected in
UNCLOS, provides the legal framework for the conservation and the
sustainable use of the oceans and their resources. Unsustainable use of
the oceans and their resources puts at risk the ability of oceans to
continue to provide food, other economic, social and environmental
benefits to humankind. We therefore commit to protect and restore the
health of oceans and marine ecosystems, enabling their conservation and
sustainable use for present and future generations, especially for
poverty eradication.
*[**New EU para: The necessary measures are developed and implemented
with the objective that by 2020 marine ecosystems are clean, healthy,
productive and resilient, marine biodiversity is maintained, and
habitats, in particular coral reefs, and species are protected and on
track to being restored.]*
Oceans 2. We encourage States to ratify or accede to and implement the
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 and to implement
chapter 17 of Agenda 21.
Oceans 3. We recognize the importance of building the capacity of
developing countries to be able to benefit from the sustainable use of
the oceans and seas and their resources and, in this regard, we
emphasize the need for cooperation in marine scientific research to
implement the relevant provisions of UNCLOS and the outcomes of the
major summits on sustainable development, as well as for the transfer of
technology taking into account the IOC Guidelines for the transfer of
marine technology. We also support the strengthening of the ability of
relevant international, regional and sub-regional organizations to build
national and local capacity in marine science and in sustainable
management of human activities affecting oceans and their resources.
Oceans 4. We stress the importance of the conservation and sustainable
use of the oceans and seas and of their resources for sustainable
development, including through the contributions to poverty eradication,
sustainable economic growth, food security, creation of sustainable
livelihoods and decent work, while at the same time protecting
biodiversity and the marine environment.
Oceans 5. We support the Regular Process for Global Reporting and
Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including
socio-economic aspects, established under the United Nations General
Assembly, and look forward to the completion of its first global
integrated assessment of the state of the marine environment by 2014 and
its subsequent consideration by the UNGA. We encourage consideration of
assessment findings in the formulation of national, regional and global
oceans policies.
Oceans 6. We recognize the importance of the conservation and
sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national
jurisdiction. We note the establishment by the UN General Assembly of an
Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the
conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond
areas of national jurisdiction. We look forward to its recommendations
to the GA to make progress on ways to fulfil its mandate provided for in
para 167 of GA Resolution 66/231 with a view to ensuring that the legal
framework for the conservation and sustainable use of marine
biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction effectively addresses
those issues by identifying gaps and ways forward, including through the
implementation of existing instruments and the possible development of a
multilateral agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of
the Sea (UNCLOS).
Oceans 7. We reaffirm the importance of establishing Marine Protected
Areas consistent with international law and based on best available
scientific information as a method for conservation of biological
diversity and sustainable use of its components, noting the CBD COP 10
decision X/2. that by 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and
inland water and 10% of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of
particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are to be
conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically
representative and well-connected systems of protected areas and other
effective area-based conservation measures.
Oceans 8. We note with concern that oceans and their biological
diversity and ecological health are negatively affected by land-based
and marine pollution from a number of sources, including shipping,
anthropogenic marine debris and waste such as plastic litter. We call
for effective implementation of the relevant conventions adopted in the
framework of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) on the
protection of the marine environment from pollution, and of the relevant
instruments on the protection of the marine environment from land based
pollution, including the Global Programmeof Action for the Protection of
the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities.
Oceans 9. We call on countries to reduce the incidence and impact of
pollution on marine ecosystems, including through:
(a)addressing the sources of marine debris and threats to the marine
environment such as persistent organic pollutants, mercury and
nitrogen-based compounds, including through public-private partnerships
as relevant;
(b)mobilizing resources for investment in treatment of waste and waste
water;
(c)promoting capacity-building and technology transfer as mutually
agreed. in order to support the above actions;
(d)collecting scientific data on marine litter, in order to establish
reference levels and concrete measures for its reduction with the aim of
achieving significant reductions to prevent harm to the coastal and
marine environment.
*[New EU para: By 2015 collect the scientific data available on marine
litter in order to establish reference levels and concrete measures for
its reduction by 2020 with the aim of achieving significant reductions
by 2025 compared to 2012 to prevent harm to coastal and marine
environment.]***
Oceans 10. We commit to ensure that, in accordance with the
precautionary principle, ocean fertilization activities do not take
place until there is an adequate scientific basis on which to justify
such activities, including assessing associated risks. We affirm that,
given the present state of knowledge, ocean fertilization activities
other than legitimate scientific research should not be allowed. We
welcome the work of the Convention on Biological Diversity in this respect.
Oceans 11. We call for support to initiatives that address ocean
acidification and, in this regard, we reiterate the need to work
collectively to prevent further ocean acidification as well as enhance
the resilience of ocean ecosystems, and to support marine scientific
research and monitoring of ecosystems particularly vulnerable to ocean
acidification, including through an international observing network for
ocean acidification.
Oceans 12. We also note that sea level rise and coastal erosion are
serious threats for many coastal regions and islands and, in this
regard, we call on the international community to enhance its efforts to
address these challenges, particularly in developing countries.
Oceans 13. We re-commit to maintaining or restoring depleted fish stocks
to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield and further commit
to implementing science-based management plans to rebuild stocks by
2015, including by reducing or suspending fishing catch and effort for
all stocks being over-fished or at risk of being over-fished, and by
eliminating destructive as well as harmful fishing practices and
addressing the introduction of alien invasive species, consistent with
the precautionary approach. We also call for enhanced action, in
particular, environmental impact assessments to protect vulnerable
marine ecosystem from the impacts of bottom fishing, taking into account
the competent international organizations.
Oceans 14. We invite States to ratify or accede to and implement the
1995 Agreement on the Conservation and Management of Straddling and
Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, as well as to implement the Code of
Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the FAO International Plans of
Action and technical guidelines.
Oceans 15. We acknowledge that illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU)
fishing deprives many countries of a crucial natural resource and
remains a persistent threat to their sustainable development. We
recommit to eliminate IUU fishing as advanced in the Johannesburg Plan
of Implementation (JPOI), and to prevent and combat these practices
including through the following: developing and implementing national
and regional action plans to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated
(IUU) fishing; eliminating fisheries subsidies that lead to
over-capacity; implementing---in accordance with international
law---effective and coordinated measures by port States, flag States,
and the States of nationality of the beneficial owners and others who
support or engage in IUU fishing, by identifying vessels engaged in IUU
fishing and by depriving offenders of the benefits accruing from IUU
fishing; as well as cooperating with developing countries to
systematically identify needs and build capacity, including support for
monitoring, control, surveillance, compliance and enforcement systems.
*[New EU para: By 2020 illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing is
eliminated through the effective implementation of existing and future
international instruments.]***
Oceans 16. We urge States that have not yet done so to ratify, accept,
approve, or accede to the FAO Agreement on Port State Measures to
Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing.
Oceans 17. We recognize the need to improve transparency and
accountability in fisheries management by regional fisheries management
organizations (RFMOs) and, while recognizing the efforts already made by
some RFMOs in undertaking independent performance reviews, we recommend
that they be expanded and augmented, as appropriate,and encourage
implementation of the recommendations of such reviews.
Oceans 18. We reiterate our commitment to conclude multilateral
disciplines on fisheries subsidies which give effect to the WTO Doha
Development Agenda and the Hong Kong Ministerial mandates to strengthen
disciplines on subsidies in the fisheries sector, including through the
prohibition of certain forms of fisheries subsidies that contribute to
overcapacity and over-fishing, taking into account the importance of
this sector to developing countries.We encourage states to further
improve the transparency and reporting of existing fisheries subsidies
programmes. Given the global status of fisheries resources, as an
interim step, we agree not to introduce new subsidies nor to extend or
enhance existing subsidies that contribute to overfishing and over-capacity.
Oceans 19. We urge the identification and mainstreaming of strategies by
2014 that further assist developing countries, in particular the least
developed countries and small island developing States, in developing
their national capacity to conserve, sustainably manage and realize the
benefits of sustainable fisheries, including through improved market
access for fish products from developing countries.
Oceans 20. We commit to ensure access to fisheries and improved access
to markets by subsistence, small-scale and artisanal fishers and women
fish workers, as well as indigenous peoples and their communities and
other local communities in developing countries, in particular in small
island developing States.
Oceans 21. We also recognize the significant economic, social and
environmental contributions of coral reefs, in particular to islands and
other coastal States, as well as the significant vulnerability of coral
reefs to impacts including from climate change, ocean acidification,
overfishing, destructive fishing practices and pollution. We support
international cooperation with a view to conserving coral reef
ecosystems and realizing the social, economic and environmental benefits
of coral reefs as well as facilitating technical collaboration and
voluntary information sharing.
**
*Small Island Developing States (agreed ad ref)*
SIDS 1.We reaffirm that Small Island Developing States (SIDS) remain a
special case for sustainable development in view of their unique and
particular vulnerabilities, including their small size, remoteness,
narrow resource and export base, and exposure to global environmental
challenges and external economic shocks, including to a large range of
impacts from climate change and potentially more frequent and intense
natural disasters.We note with concern that the outcome of the Mauritius
Strategy Review (MSI+5) concluded that SIDS have made less progress than
most other groupings, or even regressed, in economic terms, especially
in terms of poverty reduction and debt sustainability. Climate change
and sea-level rise continue to pose a threat to the survival and
viability of SIDS as well as their efforts to achieve sustainable
development. We also remain concerned that, while SIDS have progressed
in the areas of gender, health, education and the environment, their
overall progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals has
been uneven.
SIDS 2. We call for continued and enhanced efforts to assist SIDS in
implementing the Barbados Programme of Action (BPOA) and MSI. We also
call for a strengthening of the United Nations System support to SIDS in
keeping with the multiple ongoing and emerging challenges faced by SIDS
in achieving sustainable development.
SIDS 3. We call for the convening of the Third International Conference
for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States in
2014 to address new strategies in overcoming the vulnerabilities of SIDS.
**
*Disaster risk reduction*
Disaster risk reduction 1. We reaffirm our commitment to the Hyogo
Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and
Communities to Disasters and call for States, the UN system,
International Financial Institutions, regional and international
organizations, and civil society to accelerate implementation of the
framework and the achievement of its goals. We call for disaster risk
reduction and building of resilience to natural and man-made disasters
to be addressed with a renewed sense of urgency in the context of
sustainable development and poverty eradication, and to be integrated
into policies, plans and programmes at all levels and placed within the
post-2015 development framework. We urge governments at all levels as
well as relevant regional and international organizations to commit to
adequate, timely and predictable resources to reduce disaster risk and
to enhance resilience of cities and communities to disasters.
Disaster risk reduction 2. We emphasize the importance of early warning
systems as part of effective disaster risk reduction at all levels, and
in this regard encourage Member States to integrate such systems into
their national disaster risk reduction strategies and plans. We
recognize the importance of comprehensive hazard and risk assessments,
including forecasting activities, hazard and risk maps as well as
monitoring of long term changes, and encourage countries in a position
to do so to undertake such assessments in a timely manner.
Disaster risk reduction 3. We stress the importance of stronger
inter-linkages among disaster risk reduction, early recovery and
long-term development planning, and call for more coordinated and
comprehensive strategies that integrate disaster risk reduction and
climate change adaptation considerations into public and private
investment, decision making and planning of humanitarian and development
actions in order to reduce risk, increase resilience and provide a
smoother transition between relief, recovery and development.
Disaster risk reduction 4. We call for improved coordination and
enhanced cooperation at and among all levels and among all relevant
stakeholders in disaster prevention, response and recovery. We call for
all relevant stakeholders, including Governments, international and
regional organizations and civil society, to take appropriate and
effective measures to reduce risk exposures for the protection of
people, infrastructure and other national assets from the impact of
disasters in line with the Hyogo Framework for Action and any post-HFA
Framework, including through strengthened coordination and cooperation
related to population displacement and access to food, water, sanitation
and shelter, and through improved knowledge and information sharing
based on reliable geospatial information.
*Climate change (agreed ad ref)*
Climate 1. We reiterate that countries should protect the climate system
for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind. We
reaffirm that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our
time, and we express profound alarm that emissions of greenhouse gases
continue to rise globally. We are deeply concerned that all countries,
particularly developing countries, especially LDCs, SIDS and Africa, are
vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change, and are already
experiencing increased impacts including persistent drought and extreme
weather events, sea level rise, coastal erosion and ocean acidification,
further threatening food security and efforts to eradicate poverty,
advance gender equality and achieve sustainable development.
Climate 2. We underscore that combating climate change requires urgent
action and the widest possible cooperation of all countries, in
accordance with the principle of common but differentiated
responsibilities and respective capabilities. In this regard, we express
our commitment to an effective and appropriate international response.
We stress that a significant gap in mitigation efforts remains to be
closed in order to hold the increase in global mean temperature below 2
degrees Celsius above pre-industrial level. We welcome the outcomes of
COP-17/CMP 7 achieved at Durban, and will intensify our efforts towards
the timely implementation of all the decisions adopted at those meetings.
Climate 3. We recognize the importance of mobilizing predictable funding
from a variety of sources, public and private, bilateral and
multilateral, including innovative sources of finance, to support
nationally appropriate mitigation actions and adaptation measures,
technology transfer and capacity-building in developing countries. In
this regard, we welcome the designation and launching of the Green
Climate Fund at COP-17/CMP-7 as an operating entity of the financial
mechanism of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
We also encourage developed countries to make financial contributions
for the expeditious operationalization of the Green Climate Fund.
Climate 4. We highlight the need to better understand and address
cross-cutting issues and interlinkages, including those among water,
energy, food, health, ecosystems and climate change. In this regard, we
welcome initiatives and partnerships aimed at achieving synergies and
minimizing conflicts among policy objectives, including through the
utilization of science-based climate monitoring and information.
**
*Forests**(agreed ad ref)*
Forests 1. We highlight the social, economic and environmental benefits
of forests to people and the contributions of sustainable forest
management to the themes and objective of the Conference. We support
cross-sectoral and cross-institutional policies promoting sustainable
forest management. We reaffirm that the wide range of services that
forest ecosystems provide creates opportunities to address many of the
most pressing sustainable development challenges. We support global
policy frameworks such as the "Non-legally Binding Instrument on all
Types of Forests (NLBI)" that promote the sustainable management of
forests, and reforestation and afforestation and all efforts that
effectively slow, halt and reverse deforestation and forest degradation.
We call for the full implementation of the NLBI and the achievement of
its four global objectives. We also call for increased efforts to tackle
the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation including through
robust and transparent forest governance, national level forest law
enforcement, secure land tenure within member States, combating illegal
logging and associated trade, voluntary certification measures and a
significant expansion of the global certified forest area, and the
possibility of using effective national mechanisms such as regulatory
and market instruments in accordance with national legislation. We
encourage the use of appropriate science-based monitoring tools to track
and understand better the drivers of forest degradation and
deforestation. We aim at halting global forest cover loss by 2030 at the
latest.
Forests 2. We call for commitments made in the Ministerial Declaration
of the high-level segment of the ninth session of the United Nations
Forum on Forests on the occasion of the launch of the International Year
of Forests to be honoured.
Forests 3. We urge the provision of financial resources from all sources
to achieve the sustainable management of all types of forests, inter
alia strengthening and improving access to funds. In this regard, we
take note of on-going efforts to develop forest management-related
finance mechanisms such as those under REDD+. We also emphasize the
importance of capacity-building as well as of technology innovation and
transfer as mutually agreed in achieving sustainable forest management.
Forests 4. We commit to working with the governing bodies of member
organizations of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests, in particular
the three Rio Conventions, to integrate, as appropriate, the sustainable
management of all types of forests into their strategies and programmes
and promote coherence and synergies as related to forests.
**
*Biodiversity*
Biodiversity 1. We reaffirm the intrinsic value of biological diversity,
as well as the ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific,
educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic values of biological
diversity and its critical role in sustainable development. We recognize
the severity of global biodiversity loss and emphasize that global
biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services undermine global
development, affecting food security and nutrition, access to water,
health of the rural poor and of people worldwide, including present and
future generations. We recognize that traditional knowledge, innovations
and practices of indigenous peoples and local communities make an
important contribution to the conservation and sustainable use of
biodiversity. We recognize that traditional knowledge of indigenous
peoples and local communities is most directly dependent on biodiversity
and ecosystem services and thus most immediately affected by their loss
and degradation.
Biodiversity 2. We reiterate our commitment to the achievement of the
three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity and call for
urgent actions that effectively slow, halt and reverse the loss of
biodiversity. In this context, we affirm the importance of implementing
the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, and its Aichi
Biodiversity Targets adopted at the 10th meeting of the Conference of
the Parties to the Convention.
*[New EU para: We therefore agree to the following target:*
*Take effective and urgent action to halt the loss of biodiversity in
order to ensure that by 2020 all Aichi biodiversity targets are reached
and ecosystems are resilient and continue to provide essential services,
thereby securing the planet's variety of life, and contributing to human
well-being, and poverty eradication.]*
Biodiversity 3. We note the adoption of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to
Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising
from Their Utilization, and we invite parties to the Convention on
Biological Diversity to sign, ratify or accede to the Protocol, so as to
ensure its entry into force at the earliest possible opportunity. We
acknowledge the role of access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources
in contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of biological
diversity, poverty eradication and environmental sustainability.
Biodiversity 4. We welcome the Strategy for Resource Mobilization in
support of the achievement of the Convention on Biological Diversity's
three objectives, including the commitment to substantially enhance the
level of financial resources from all sources in support of
biodiversity, in particular for developing countries.
Biodiversity 5. We support mainstreaming the consideration of the
socio-economic impacts and benefits of the conservation and sustainable
use of biodiversity and its components, as well as ecosystems, into
relevant programmes and policies at all levels, in accordance with
national legislation, circumstances and priorities. We encourage
investments, through appropriate incentives and policies, which support
the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and
ecosystems, consistent and in harmony with the Convention and other
relevant international obligations.
Biodiversity 6. We agree to promote cooperation, partnerships and
information exchange, and in this context, we welcome the United Nations
Decade on Biodiversity 2011-2020 for the purpose of encouraging active
involvement of all stakeholders in the conservation and sustainable use
of biodiversity, as well as the fair and equitable sharing of benefits
arising from its utilization. We also welcome the establishment of
international partnerships related to conservation and sustainable use
of biodiversity as well as innovative approaches and mechanisms to
mobilize financing for this purpose.
Biodiversity 7. We stress the importance of developing the necessary
legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, to
implement the rights of countries of origin of genetic resources or
countries providing genetic resources, as defined in the Convention on
Biological Diversity, particularly developing countries, to participate
in the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and
associated traditional knowledge as well as any subsequent application
and commercial utilization of products derived from such resources
through the fair and equitable sharing of benefits.
Biodiversity 8. We recognize the important role of CITES (the Convention
on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora),
an international agreement that stands at the intersection between
trade, environment and development and that is meant to promote the
conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity with tangible benefits
for local people as well as the environment. We recognize the economic,
social and environmental impacts of illicit trafficking in wildlife as a
transnational organized crime where firm and strengthened action needs
to be taken on both the supply and demand sides. In this regard, we
emphasize the importance of effective international cooperation among
relevant multilateral environmental agreements and international
organizations. We further stress the importance of basing the listing of
species and other measures on best available scientific advice.
Biodiversity 9. We welcome the establishment of the Intergovernmental
Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, and call
for an early commencement of its work.
*Desertification, land degradation and drought*
Desertification 1. We recognize the economic and social significance of
land including soil, particularly its contribution to sustainable
economic growth, sustainable agriculture and food security, gender
equality, women's empowerment and poverty eradication. We stress that
desertification, land degradation, and drought are challenges of a
global dimension and continue to pose serious challenges to the
sustainable development of developing countries, including LDCs and
LLDCs, and have particularly affected Africa. In this regard, we
re-commit under the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
(UNCCD) to take action nationally, regionally and internationally, to
monitor global land degradation and restore degraded lands, in
particular arable lands in the aforementioned groups of countries.
*[New EU para. We therefore agree to the following goal and target:*
**
*Goal: Restore land and soil quality to good conditions and manage land,
forest, and soil resources sustainably ensuring that food production can
meet the growing demand, and ensure that, in line with the CBD's
Strategic Plan vision, biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored,
integrated in sectoral policies and decision making processes and wisely
used and that ecosystem services are valued and maintained. *
**
*Target: Arrive at a zero net rate of land and soil degradation within
an internationally agreed timeframe.]*
Desertification 2. We emphasize that a coordinated global approach is
needed to ensure that land is used, managed and restored in a
sustainable manner. In this regard, we resolve to support and strengthen
the implementation of the UNCCD and its 10-Year Strategic Plan and
Framework (2008-2018) to reverse and prevent desertification, land
degradation and drought with a view to addressing their causes as well
as the poverty resulting from land degradation. We note the importance
of mitigating the effects of desertification, land degradation and
drought, including by preserving and developing oases, restoring
degraded lands, and improving the livelihoods of vulnerable people.We
also recognize the need to work towards a target of zero net land
degradation within an internationally agreed timeframe.
Desertification 3. We stress the importance of the further development
and implementation of scientifically based, sound and socially inclusive
methods for monitoring and assessing the extent of desertification, land
degradation and drought, as well as the importance of efforts underway
to promote scientific research and strengthen the scientific base of
activities to address desertification and drought under the UNCCD. In
this respect, we take note of the decision of the COP10 of the UNCCD to
establish an ad hoc Working Group, taking into account regional balance,
to discuss specific options for the provision of scientific advice to
Parties to the UNCCD.
Desertification 4. We reiterate the need for cooperation through sharing
of climate and weather information, forecasting and early warning
systems related to desertification, land degradation and drought, as
well as to dust storms and sandstorms, at the global, regional and
sub-regional levels. In this regard, we invite States and relevant
organizations to cooperate in the sharing of related information,
forecasting and early warning systems.
Desertification 5. We encourage and recognize the importance of
partnerships and initiatives for sustainable land management and the
safeguarding of soil and land resources, such as the Global Soil
Partnership (GSP) and the Changwon Initiative. We urge their close
alignment in support of the 10-Year Strategic Plan of the UNCCD. We
recognize the need to strengthen the link with existing science/policy
interface bodies. We also encourage capacity building, extension
training programmes, and scientific studies and initiatives aimed at
deepening understanding and raising wider awareness of the economic,
social and environmental benefits of sustainable land management
policies and practices.
*Mountains (agreed ad ref)*
Mountains 1.We recognize that the benefits derived from mountain regions
are essential for sustainable development. Mountain ecosystems play a
crucial role in providing water resources to a large portion of the
world's population; fragile mountain ecosystems are particularly
vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change, deforestation and
forest degradation, land use change, land degradation, and natural
disasters; and mountain glaciers around the world are retreating and
getting thinner with increasing impacts on the environment and human
well-being.
Mountains 2. We further recognize that mountains are often home to
communities, including indigenous peoples, who have developed
sustainable uses of their resources and who are often marginalized. We
stress that continued effort will be required to address poverty, food
security and nutrition, social exclusion and environmental degradation
in these areas, and invite States to strengthen cooperative action with
effective involvement of all relevant stakeholders, by establishing new
or strengthening existing regional arrangements and centers of
competence for sustainable mountain development.
Mountains 3.We call for greater efforts toward the conservation of
mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity. We encourage States
to adopt a long-term vision and holistic approaches, including through
incorporating mountain-specific policies into national sustainable
development strategies which could include, inter alia, poverty
reduction plans and programmes in mountain areas, particularly in
developing countries.
*Chemicals and waste (agreed ad ref)*
Chemicals 1. We recognize that sound management of chemicals is crucial
for the protection of human health and the environment. We reaffirm our
aim to achieve by 2020 sound management of chemicals throughout their
life cycle and of hazardous waste in ways that lead to the minimisation
of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment, as
set out in the JPOI. We also reaffirm our commitment to an approach for
the sound management of chemicals and waste at all levels that responds
in an effective, efficient, coherent and coordinated manner to new and
emerging issues and challenges, and encourage further progress across
countries and regions in order to fill the gaps in implementation.
*[New EU para. We therefore agree to the following target:*
**
*By 2020 ensure the sound management of chemicals throughout their life
cycle, so that chemicals are used and produced in ways that lead to the
minimisation of significant adverse effects on human health and the
environment with a particular emphasis on protecting vulnerable groups.]*
Chemicals 2. We call for strengthening the Strategic Approach to
International Chemicals Management (SAICM) through effective
implementation and better use of its potential. We encourage SAICM to
enhance cooperation and coordination with other relevant global and
regional UN entities, as well as with multilateral environmental
agreements dealing with chemicals and waste, to facilitate
implementation of policies.
Chemicals 3. We are deeply concerned that many countries, in particular
least developed countries, lack the capacity for sound management of
chemicals throughout their life cycle and their safe disposal.
Additional efforts are needed to enhance work towards strengthening
capacities, including through partnerships, technical assistance and
improved governance structures. We encourage countries and organizations
which have made progress toward achieving the goal of sound management
of chemicals by 2020 to assist other countries by sharing knowledge,
experience and best practices.
Chemicals 4. We commend the increased coordination and cooperation among
chemicals and waste conventions, namely the Basel Convention, the
Rotterdam Convention and the Stockholm Convention, and encourage further
coordination and cooperation among them. We take note of the potentially
important role of the Basel Convention regional and coordinating centers
and the Stockholm Convention regional and sub-regional centers.
Chemicals 5.We commend existing and call for continued, new and
innovative public-private partnerships among industry, governments,
academia and other non-governmental stakeholders aiming to enhance the
capacity and technology for environmentally sound chemicals and waste
management, including for waste prevention.
Chemicals 6. We recognize the importance of adopting a life-cycle
approach and of further development and implementation of policies for
resource efficiency, including the application of the 3Rs (reduce,
reuse, recycle) and environmentally sound waste management. We call for
the development and enforcement of comprehensive national and local
waste management policies and strategies.
Chemicals 7.We note with concern the challenges of solid wastes, such as
electronic waste and plastics, in the land and marine environment, which
should be addressed inter alia through life-cycle thinking, appropriate
programmes and environmentally sound technologies for material and
energy recovery. We recognize the need to build local capacity
particularly in developing countries to address the flow of e-waste as
well as the need to promote waste minimization, reuse and recycling in
all countries.
Chemicals 8. We urge the international community to take all possible
measures to prevent the unsound management of hazardous wastes and their
illegal dumping, particularly in countries where the capacity to deal
with these wastes is limited, in a manner consistent with obligations
under relevant international instruments such as the Basel Convention.
Chemicals 9. We recognize the importance of science-based assessment of
the risks posed by chemicals to human beings and the environment, and of
reducing human exposure to hazardous chemicals. We recognize the need to
develop environmentally sound and safer alternatives to hazardous
chemicals in products and processes through, inter alia, life-cycle
assessment, public information and extended producer responsibility, and
we encourage cooperation among countries in this regard.
Chemicals 10. We note the ongoing negotiating process on a global
legally binding instrument on mercury and call for a successful outcome
of the negotiations.
Chemicals 11. We recognize that the phase-out of ozone depleting
substances (ODS) is resulting in rapid increase in the use and release
of high global warming potential hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) to the
environment from ODS substitutes. We support discussion on a gradual
phase-down in the consumption and production of HFCs under the Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
Chemicals 12.We encourage countries to utilize scientific knowledge
effectively in order to promote cooperation on transboundary air
pollution at all levels.
**
*Sustainable Consumption and Production (agreed ad ref)*
SCP 1. We reaffirm that sustainable consumption and production (SCP) is
one of the overarching objectives of sustainable development, and
recognize that fundamental changes in the way societies consume and
produce are indispensable. We acknowledge the wide disparities in
consumption levels and patterns between rich and poor and between
developed and developing countries. In this regard, all countries should
promote sustainable consumption and production patterns, with developed
countries taking the lead and with all countries benefiting and learning
from that experience so as to move all our societies nearer to a
sustainable future for all. We also recognize the need for focused
strategies to meet the basic needs of the poorest segments of society.
SCP 2. We appeal to all States, relevant international organizations,
the private sector and all major groups to enhance their efforts to
achieve sustainable changes in consumption and production patterns while
creating new economic opportunities and decent work, and securing good
living standards and protection of vulnerable groups.
SCP 3. We call for an end to wasteful and unsustainable practices in the
use and extraction of natural resources. We intend to improve resource
efficiency in relevant economic sectors through accelerated and
scaled-up implementation of best practices and techniques and we commit
to further develop international cooperation in this regard, including
enhanced capacity building and technical assistance to developing
countries.
SCP 4. We encourage the integration of social and environmental costs in
prices and measures of economic activities to inform choices of
consumers and producers to help move towards sustainable patterns of
production and consumption.
SCP 5. We encourage the widespread adoption of sustainable procurement,
in both the public and private sectors, based on robust criteria and
reliable tools within priority sectors and consistent with WTO rules.
SCP 6. We promote the commitment of organizations, corporations and
institutions to social and environmental responsibility, inter alia, by
encouraging transparency, reporting, and the development and use of
international standards, guidelines and best practices as appropriate.
SCP 7. In order to make sustainable choices more easily available,
affordable and attractive to consumers, we commit to promote in
consultation with all concerned stakeholders open, transparent,
balanced, science-based and multilateral processes for developing
product standards and other mechanisms that fully reflect the impact of
production and consumption, in accordance with the best available
technology. We will work with the private sector to ensure that labeling
and advertising is accurate and trustworthy so as to provide consumers
with the necessary information to make informed choices.
SCP 8. We agree to adopt the 10-Year Framework of Programmes (10YFP) on
sustainable consumption and production (SCP), appended to this
Declaration. Furthermore, we encourage contributions to the 10YFP trust
fund intended to support developing countries in promoting sustainable
consumption and production.
*[New EU para**. We therefore agree to the following goal and targets:*
**
*Goal: Change unsustainable production and consumption patterns and
promote sustainable management of natural resources over their
life-cycle and eventually reach an absolute decoupling of economic
growth from natural resource use with the aim that current and future
generations, in particular people in poverty, can meet their needs.*
**
*Target: Significantly improve global resource efficiency, measured by
the ratio of GDP to Domestic Material Consumption or other
internationally agreed relevant indicators on key natural resources.*
**
*Target: Increase prevention, reuse, recycling and energy recovery from
waste and reduce landfill and the amount of waste generated, so that by
2030 the majority of waste globally is managed as a resource. By 2030
the level of landfilling should be significantly reduced.]*
**
*Mining*
Mining 1. We acknowledge that minerals and metals are important for the
world economy and modern societies. We note that mining industries are
important to all countries with mineral resources, in particular
developing countries. We also note that, when managed, regulated and
taxed properly, mining offers the opportunity to catalyze broad-based
economic development, reduce poverty and assist countries in meeting
internationally agreed development goals, including the MDGs. We
acknowledge that countries have the sovereign right to develop their
mineral resources according to their national priorities and further
acknowledge that mining activities should maximize social and economic
benefits as well as effectively addressing negative environmental and
social impacts, in line with the Rio principles. In this regard, we
recognize that governments need strong capacities to develop, manage,
and regulate their mining industries in the interests of sustainable
development.
Mining 2. We call on countries with a mining sector to strengthen their
legal and regulatory frameworks and policies and practices for the
mining sector that deliver economic and social benefits and include
effective safeguards that reduce social and environmental impacts as
well as conserve biodiversity and ecosystem services. We further call on
governments and the mining sector to commit to the continuous
improvement of accountability and transparency, taking account of best
practices in public financial management and revenue and contract
transparency, and to explore new mechanisms to prevent conflict minerals
from entering legitimate supply chains.
*Education (agreed ad ref)*
Education 1. We reaffirm our commitment to achieving universal access to
primary education, and we furthermore affirm that full and equal access
by all people to quality education is an essential condition for poverty
eradication, gender equality and human development, for the attainment
of the internationally agreed development goals including the Millennium
Development Goals, as well as for the full participation of both women
and men in political, economic and social life. In this regard, we
stress the need for ensuring equal access to education for vulnerable
groups, including persons with disabilities.
Education 2. We recognize that the younger generations are the
custodians of the future, as well as the need for better quality and
access beyond primary education. We therefore resolve to improve the
capacity of our education systems to prepare people to pursue
sustainable development, including through enhanced teacher training,
the development of curricula around sustainability, and more effective
use of information and communication technologies to enhance learning
outcomes. We call for enhanced cooperation among schools, communities
and authorities in efforts to promote access to quality education at all
levels.
Education 3. We emphasize the importance of greater international
cooperation related to promoting universal access to primary education
and Education for Sustainable Development. We resolve to promote
education for sustainable development and to integrate sustainable
development more actively into education beyond the United Nations
Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014). We
encourage international educational exchanges and partnerships to help
achieve global education goals. We call for the creation of fellowships
and scholarships in key disciplines and cross-disciplinary and
integrated approaches relevant to sustainable development.
Education 4. We urge educational institutions to become models of best
practice and to enlist the active participation of all students,
teachers and other staff in setting an example of sustainability on
their campuses. We encourage educational institutions to teach
sustainable development as an integrated component across disciplines.
Education 5. We underscore the importance of supporting educational
institutions to carry out research and innovation in the field of
education for sustainable development and to develop quality and
innovative programmes, including professional and vocational training
and lifelong learning, geared to bridging skills gaps for advancing
national sustainable development objectives.
**
*Gender equality and women's empowerment *
Gender 1.We reaffirm women's vital role in sustainable development, and
decide to accelerate the implementation of the international community's
commitment to the full and equal participation and leadership of women
in all areas of development, as agreed in the Convention on the
Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) as well
as Agenda 21, the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the
Millennium Declaration.
Gender 2. We recognize that, although progress on gender equality has
been made in some areas, the potential of women to engage in, and
contribute to, sustainable development as leaders, participants and
agents has not been fully realised due to persistent social, economic,
and political inequalities. We support prioritizing measures to promote
gender equality and women's empowerment in all spheres of our societies,
including the removal of barriers to their full participation in
decision-making and management at all levels.
Gender 3. We resolve to unlock women's potential as drivers of
sustainable development, including through the repeal of discriminatory
laws and removal of formal barriers, ensuring equal access to justice
and legal support, the reform of institutions to ensure competence and
capacity for gender mainstreaming and the development and adoption of
innovative and special measures to address informal and harmful
practices that act as barriers preventing gender equality. In this
regard, we reiterate the importance of creating an enabling environment
for improving the situation of rural women and girls, including
indigenous women.
Gender 4.We agree to encourage the use of gender sensitive indicators
and sex disaggregated data in monitoring frameworks in order to deliver
on the promise of sustainable development for all.
Gender 5. We are committed to women's equal rights and opportunities in
political and economic decision-making and resource allocation and to
remove any barriers that prevent women from being full participants in
the economy. We resolve to ensure full and equal access of women to
productive resources through the equal right to own property and equal
right to inherit in accordance with national legislation, and equal
access to credit, financial and extension services along the entire
value chain. We call for action to ensure the equal access of women and
girls to education, basic services, economic opportunities and health
care, including addressing the sexual and reproductive needs of women
and their reproductive rights, and ensuring universal access to safe,
effective, affordable and acceptable modern methods of family planning.
In this regard, we reaffirm our commitment to fully implement the
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and
Development and the key actions for the further implementation of the
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and
Development.
Gender 6.We support the work of the UN system, including UN Women, in
promoting and achieving gender equality and women's empowerment in all
aspects of life, including with respect to the linkages between gender
equality and women's empowerment and the promotion of sustainable
development. We support UN Women leading, coordinating and promoting the
accountability of the UN system in this regard.
Gender 7. We invite donors, international organizations including the UN
System organizations, IFIs, regional banks, major groups and the private
sector, to integrate fully gender equality considerations and
commitments, and to ensure the participation of women and effective
gender mainstreaming in their decision making, programme planning,
budgeting, implementation, monitoring and reporting.
B. Sustainable Development Goals and Measuring Progress beyond GDP
SDG 1. We underscore that the MDGs are a useful tool in focusing
achievement of specific development gains as part of a broad development
vision and framework for the development activities of the United
Nations, for national priority setting and for mobilisation of
stakeholders and resources towards common goals. We therefore remain
firmly committed to their full and timely achievement. [agreed ad ref]
SDG 2. We recognize that the development of goals could also be useful
for pursuing focused and coherent action on sustainable development. In
this regard, and building on the Millennium Development Goals, we agree
to develop a set of global sustainable development goals (SDGs) that
address and incorporate all three dimensions of sustainable development
and their interlinkages. These goals should be incorporated in the
United Nations Development Agenda beyond 2015, thus contributing to the
achievement of sustainable development and serving as a driver for
implementation and mainstreaming of sustainable development in the
United Nations system as a whole.
SDG 3. We propose that the goals should build upon the Millennium
Declaration, respect the UN Charter and principles of international law,
be consistent with the Rio principles and contribute to advance the
implementation of Agenda 21 and JPOI, including poverty eradication,
changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and production, and
protecting and managing the natural resource base of economic and social
development.
SDG 4. We also propose that any SDGs should be action-oriented, concise
and readily communicable, limited in number, aspirational, and
universally applicable to all countries while taking into account
different national realities, capacities and development priorities.
Implementation should be government-driven with involvement of all
relevant stakeholders.
SDG 5. We also recognize that the goals should address and be focused on
priority areas for the achievement of sustainable development including,
inter alia, energy, water, food security, oceans and sustainable
consumption and production as well as cross-cutting issues like equity
and social inclusion, rule of law and good governance, gender equality
and women's empowerment.
SDG 6. We reiterate our request to the Secretary-General to make
recommendations in his annual reports for further steps to realize the
United Nations Development Agenda beyond 2015. We further request the
Secretary-General to integrate the three dimensions of sustainable
development in the United Nations Development Agenda beyond 2015 and
establish a coordinated process with a view to establishing a set of
coherent global goals in 2015. This process should be a country-driven
process guided by the General Assembly and be inclusive, transparent,
open to participation of all relevant stakeholders, including the UN
System, and draw on relevant expert advice and science based evidence.
We also propose that any SDGs be agreed by the UN General Assembly.
SDG 7. We underline that progress towards the SDGs should be measured by
an agreed and appropriate set of indicators and assessed on the basis of
specific targets that could be differentiated depending on countries'
levels of development and national specificities.
SDG 8. We recognize that there is a need for an integrated and
scientifically-credible global sustainable development report, to
support the decision making process at appropriate levels and assist
countries in identifying policy options and achieving the agreed SDGs.
Such an outlook could draw upon and synthesize the elements of existing
outlooks produced by various UN and other international institutions,
depending on theme, and should foster closer collaboration among them.In
this regard, we call on the Secretary-General of the United Nations to
make proposals for such a report to the UNGA for the subsequent
consideration by member States.
SDG 9. We recognize the limitations of GDP as a measure of well-being
and sustainable development. As a complement to GDP, we resolve to
further develop science-based and rigorous methods of measuring
sustainable development, natural wealth and social well-being, including
the identification of appropriate indicators for measuring progress. We
further recognize the need to test and refine these methods so as to be
able to use them effectively in our national decision making systems to
better inform policy decisions. In this regard, we recognize the need
for appropriate technical support to developing countries to develop the
capacity and information to undertake these efforts. We request the
Secretary-General to coordinate the further development of such methods
with existing efforts and preparation of such indicators in consultation
with the UN System and all other relevant organisations, having regard
to the UN system of economic and environmental accounts.
*VI. _Means of implementation_ (agreed ad ref)*
MOI 1. We reaffirm that national ownership and leadership are
indispensable in the development process. There is no one size fits all.
We reiterate that each country has primary responsibility for its own
economic and social development and that the role of national policies,
domestic resources and development strategies cannot be overemphasized.
At the same time, domestic economies are now interwoven with the global
economic system and, therefore, an effective use of trade and investment
opportunities can help countries to fight poverty. Development efforts
at the national level need to be supported by an enabling national and
international environment that complements national actions and strategies.
MOI 2. We acknowledge that good governance and the rule of law at the
national and international levels are essential for sustained, inclusive
and equitable economic growth, sustainable development and the
eradication of poverty and hunger.
MOI 3. We reaffirm that the means of implementation identified in Agenda
21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21, JPOI, the
Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for
Development and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development are
indispensable for achieving full and effective translation of
sustainable development commitments into tangible sustainable
development outcomes: finance, technology development and transfer as
mutually agreed, capacity building, and trade.
MOI 4.We welcome the ongoing efforts to strengthen and support
South-South cooperation and triangular cooperation. We stress that
South-South cooperation is not a substitute for, but rather a complement
to, North-South cooperation. We also stress that triangular cooperation
should be further utilized as an effective modality for development
cooperation.
**
*A. Finance (agreed ad ref)*
Finance 1. We call on all countries to prioritize sustainable
development in the allocation of resources in line with national
priorities and needs, and we recognize the crucial importance of
increases in the provision of financing from all sources for sustainable
development for all countries, in particular developing countries. We
recognize the importance of international, regional and national
financial mechanisms including those accessible to sub-national and
local authorities to implement sustainable development programmes and
call for their strengthening and implementation. We further recognize a
role that new partnerships and promising innovative sources of
development finance can play in financing sustainable development and
encourage their use, as appropriate, alongside the traditional means of
implementation.
Finance 2. We recognize that the fulfilment of all official development
assistance commitments is crucial, including the commitments by many
developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of gross
national product for official development assistance to developing
countries by 2015, as well as a target of 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of gross
national product for official development assistance to least developed
countries. To reach their agreed timetables, donor countries should take
all necessary and appropriate measures to raise the rate of aid
disbursements to meet their existing commitments. We urge those
developed countries that have not yet done so to make additional
concrete efforts towards the target of 0.7 per cent of gross national
product for official development assistance to developing countries,
including the specific target of 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of gross national
product for official development assistance to least developed countries
in line with their commitments.
Finance 3.We welcome increasing efforts to improve the quality of ODA
and to increase its development impact. The Economic and Social Council
Development Cooperation Forum, along with initiatives such as the
High-level Forums on Aid Effectiveness, which produced the 2003 Rome
Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid
Effectiveness, the 2008 Accra Agenda for Action, and 2011 Busan
Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation make important
contributions to the efforts of those countries which have committed to
them, including through the adoption of the fundamental principles of
national ownership, alignment, harmonization and managing for results.
Continued building on these initiatives, including through more
inclusive and broad-based participation, will contribute to enhancing
national ownership and making aid delivery more effective and efficient
and lead to improved outcomes. We also recognize the need to improve
development effectiveness, increase programme-based approaches, use
country systems for activities managed by the public sector, reduce
transaction costs and improve mutual accountability and transparency
and, in this regard, we call upon all donors to untie aid to the maximum
extent. We will make development more effective and predictable by
providing developing countries with regular and timely, indicative
information on planned support in the medium term. We recognize the
importance of efforts by developing countries to strengthen leadership
of their own development, national institutions, systems and capacity to
ensure the best results of effective development by engaging with
parliaments and citizens in shaping those policies and deepening
engagement with civil society organizations. We should also bear in mind
that there is no one-size-fits-all formula that will guarantee
development effectiveness. The specific situation of each country needs
to be fully considered.
Finance 4. We urge the provision of financial resources, including
through dedicated credit facilities within the IFIs, for the promotion
of sustainable development and poverty eradication in developing
countries, in particular the LDCs.
Finance 5. We recognize that greater coherence and coordination among
the various funding mechanisms and initiatives related to sustainable
development is crucial. We reiterate the importance of ensuring that
developing countries have steady and predictable access to adequate
financing from all sources to promote sustainable development.
Finance 6. We recognize that ongoing serious global financial and
economic challenges carry the possibility of undoing years of hard work
and gains made in relation to the debt of developing countries. The
situation demands the implementation of existing and any future bold and
encompassing initiatives and mechanisms to resolve the current debt
problems of developing countries, particularly for Africa and the least
developed countries, in an effective and equitable manner, including
through debt cancellation. We will intensify our efforts to prevent debt
crises by enhancing international financial mechanisms for crisis
prevention and resolution, in cooperation with the private sector, and
by finding solutions that are transparent and agreeable to all. We
acknowledge the need to continue to address all relevant issues
regarding external debt problems, including through the United Nations,
and we will consider ways to explore enhanced approaches of sovereign
debt restructuring mechanisms based on existing frameworks and
principles, with broad creditors' and debtors' participation and
ensuring comparable burden-sharing among creditors, with an important
role for the Bretton Woods institutions.
Finance 7. We stress the need for adequate funding for the operational
activities of the United Nations development system as well as the need
to make funding more predictable, effective and efficient as part of
wider efforts to mobilize new, additional and predictable resources to
achieve the objectives that we have set forth in this declaration. We
reaffirm, in this context, the importance of accountability,
transparency and improved results-based management and further
harmonized results-based reporting on the work of the United Nations
funds and programmes and the specialized agencies.
Finance 8. We welcome the important reform processes that the Global
Environment Facility (GEF) has carried out during recent years and we
call for its further strengthening, with regularity in funding flows and
reform of governance processes, and encourage the GEF to take additional
steps to make resources more accessible to meet country needs for the
national implementation of their international environmental
commitments. We support further simplification of procedures and
assistance to developing countries, in particular in assisting the least
developed countries and SIDS in accessing resources from the GEF, and
enhanced coordination with other instruments and programmes focusing on
environmentally sustainable development.
Finance 9. We stress that fighting corruption at both the national and
international levels is a priority and that corruption is a serious
barrier to effective resource mobilization and allocation and diverts
resources away from activities that are vital for poverty eradication,
the fight against hunger and sustainable development. We are determined
to take urgent and decisive steps to continue to combat corruption in
all of its manifestations.
Finance 10. We consider that innovative financing mechanisms can make a
positive contribution in assisting developing countries to mobilize
additional resources for financing for development on a voluntary basis.
Such financing should supplement and not be a substitute for traditional
sources of financing. While recognizing the considerable progress in
innovative sources of financing for development, we call for scaling-up
of present initiatives, where appropriate.
Finance 11. We recognize that a dynamic, inclusive well-functioning,
socially and environmentally responsible private sector is a valuable
instrument for generating economic growth and reducing poverty and
promoting sustainable development. In order to foster private-sector
development, we shall continue to pursue appropriate national policy and
regulatory frameworks in a manner consistent with national laws to
encourage public and private initiatives, including at the local level,
to foster a dynamic and well-functioning business sector, and to
facilitates entrepreneurship and innovation including among women, the
poor and the vulnerable. We will work to improve income growth and
distribution, inter alia through raising productivity, empowering women
and protecting labour rights, and taxation. We recognize that the
appropriate role of Government in relation to the promotion and
regulation of the private sector will vary from country to country
depending on national circumstances.
*B. Technology development and transfer*
Technology 1. We stress the importance of access by all countries to
environmentally sound technologies, know-how and expertise, and the
importance of cooperative action on the development and transfer of
these technologies. We agree to explore modalities for enhanced access
to environmentally sound technologies by developing countries, while
providing incentives and removing disincentives to innovators, including
innovators in developing countries, in order to promote research and
development.
Technology 2. We underline the need for enabling environments for the
development, adaptation, and dissemination of sustainable technologies.
In this context, we underscore the role of foreign direct investment and
international trade in the transfer of some environmentally sound
technologies. We support strengthening international cooperation to
promote investment in science, innovation, and technology for
sustainable development.
Technology 3. We recognize the importance of strengthened national,
scientific and technological capacities. Developing countries should be
enabled to develop their own new and environmentally sound technologies
with the support of the international community. To this end, we support
building science and technology capacity, including through
collaboration among research institutions, universities, the private
sector, governments, non-governmental organizations, and scientists of
developing and developed countries.
Technology 4. We note that consideration must be given to the role of
patent protection and intellectual property rights along with an
examination of their impact on the access to and transfer of
environmentally sound technology, in particular to developing countries,
as well as to further exploring efficiently the concept of assured
access for developing countries to environmentally sound technology in
its relation to proprietary rights with a view to developing effective
responses to the needs of developing countries in this area.
Technology 5. We request the competent fora in the UN system to identify
options for an appropriate mechanism to facilitate clean technology
dissemination to developing countries, consistent with existing patent
protection systems and invite the Secretary-General to report to UNGA67
on the options. In this regard, we note that the UNFCCC technology
mechanism, as agreed in Cancun and Durban, and in particular the ongoing
implementation of the new global Climate Technology Center and Network,
is a highly relevant model for facilitating the development and transfer
of sustainable technologies to address the technological needs of
developing countries.
Technology 6. We recognize the importance of space-technology-based data
and reliable geospatial information for sustainable development
policy-making, programming and project operations. In this context, we
recognize the efforts of the International Steering Committee for Global
Mapping, the Global Earth Observation System of Systems, and the Eye on
Earth platform. We recognize the need to support developing countries in
their efforts to collect environmental data.
Technology 7. We agree to explore the possibility to establish a global
fund for voluntary contributions by States, civil society and the
private sector, to facilitate transfer of environmentally sound
technologies.
Technology 8. We welcome the efforts by governments and stakeholders to
undertake basic and applied research that contributes to sustainable
development and encourage greater links and cooperation to advance these
efforts. We agree to enhance international collaborative research to
address global challenges by developing solutions that are accessible to
developing countries, particularly LDCs, including on environmentally
sound technologies. We acknowledge the work of existing centres for
technology transfer, and encourage the establishment and networking of
such centres in developing countries. We also encourage the world's
technology leaders, both public and private, to increase their
participation as partners in technology parks and innovation centres
worldwide.
Technology 9. We recognize the importance of strengthening
international, regional and national capacities in technology assessment
and where necessary regulatory regimes, especially in view of the rapid
development and possible deployment of new technologies that may also
have unintended negative impacts, in particular on biodiversity and
health, or other unforeseen consequences.
Technology 10. We recognize the need to facilitate informed policy
decision-making on sustainable development issues and in this regard to
strengthen the science-policy interface.
Technology 11. We resolve, as part of our global commitment to
sustainable development, to bridge the technology gap between developed
and developing countries. In this regard, we encourage concrete actions,
including through the establishment of an international mechanism
supported by stable, adequate and predictable funding, to facilitate
transfer of technology as mutually agreed and strengthen national
capacities of all countries, in particular developing countries in the
area of science and technology. We further resolve to support existing
international centres for technology transfer that facilitate the match
between supply and demand for technologies and their appropriate
adaptation processes in developing countries. We further resolve to
request relevant UN agencies in particular WIPO, UNEP and UNIDO to
identify options for a facilitation mechanism that promotes the
dissemination of clean technologies while bearing in mind the
consistency with international patent protection system and relevant
regulations.
*C. Capacity building*
Capacity 1. We emphasize the need for enhanced capacity building for
sustainable development and, in this regard, we call for strengthening
technical cooperation including North-South, South-South and triangular
cooperation. We reiterate the importance of human resource development,
including training, exchange of experiences and expertise, knowledge
transfer and technical assistance for capacity-building, which involves
strengthening institutional capacity, including planning, management and
monitoring capacities.
Capacity 2. We call for the continued and focused implementation of the
UNEP Bali Strategic Plan for Technology Support and Capacity Building.
Capacity 3. We encourage the participation and representation of men and
women scientists and researchers from developing countries in processes
related to global environmental and sustainable development assessment
and monitoring, with the purpose of enhancing national capabilities and
the quality of research for decision- and policy-making processes.
Capacity 4. We invite all relevant agencies of the United Nations system
and other relevant international organizations to support developing
countries and, in particular, least developed countries in
capacity-building for developing resource-efficient and inclusive
economies, including through:
(a)Sharing sustainable practices in various economic sectors;
(b)Disseminating various tools for compiling or undertaking natural
resources inventories and assessments and developing sustainable
resource management systems;
(c)Enhancing capacity to integrate disaster risk reduction and
resilience into development plans;
(d)Supporting South-South and triangular cooperation for the transition
to a resource efficient economy; and
(e)Promoting public-private partnerships.
Capacity 5. We urge all countries to increase financial, technological,
and capacity-building support to developing countries for undertaking
effective adaptation strategies as a priority, in view of their
vulnerability to the adverse impacts of climate change, land
degradation, drought, desertification, and natural disasters.
**
*D. Trade (agreed ad ref)*
**
Trade 1. We reaffirm that international trade is an engine for inclusive
and sustained growth and development. We further reaffirm that a
universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable
multilateral trading system, as well as meaningful trade liberalization
that includes addressing non-tariff measures where they may act as
unnecessary trade barriers, can substantially stimulate development
worldwide, benefiting all countries at all stages of development.
Trade 2. We reaffirm the importance of increasing market access for
developing countries' products and services, and in this regard we
emphasize the need to resist protectionist tendencies and to rectify any
trade-distorting measures already taken that are inconsistent with World
Trade Organization rules, recognizing the right of countries to fully
utilize their flexibilities consistent with their World Trade
Organization commitments and obligations. In this regard, we call on the
World Trade Organization in cooperation with the United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development and other relevant institutions to
monitor all forms of protectionism and assess their impact, particularly
on developing countries.
Trade 3. We urge the members of the WTO to redouble their efforts to
achieve an ambitious, balanced, and development-oriented conclusion to
the Doha Development Agenda taking into account the central importance
of the development dimension in every aspect of the Doha Development
Agenda work programme and its commitment to making the development
dimension a meaningful reality. We further call for the full
implementation of the 2005 WTO Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration.
Trade 4. We emphasize that all WTO Members have an interest in ensuring
very swift progress in the multilateral trade negotiations to facilitate
outcomes, while respecting the principles of transparency and
inclusiveness. We underscore the importance of ensuring the meaningful
and full participation of developing countries, especially the least
developed countries, in multilateral trade negotiations. In particular,
developing countries need assistance in order to participate effectively
in the WTO work programme and negotiation process through the enhanced
cooperation of all relevant stakeholders.
Trade 5. We reaffirm that there is an ongoing need for the international
economic and financial institutions and regional organizations in
accordance with their mandates to work together, especially through
trade capacity building and facilitation, to ensure that developing
countries, particularly the least developed countries, are able to
benefit from the advantages of the multilateral trade system and their
integration into global markets. Achieving the positive impact of trade
liberalization on developing countries will also depend to a significant
extent on international support for appropriate action and strategies at
the national level for the expansion of productive capacities, the
development of human resources and basic infrastructure, the absorption
of technology and the implementation of adequate social safety nets.
Trade 6. We recognize the need to mobilize adequate and predictable
funding for Aid for Trade, including through the Enhanced Integrated
Framework for Trade-related Technical Assistance to Least Developed
Countries. We also recognize the need for additional measures to support
the supply and export capacities of developing countries, in particular
the LDCs.
Trade 7. We request relevant international and regional organizations to
strengthen support for trade facilitation and capacity building
activities aimed at assisting developing countries, particularly the
LDCs, in identifying and seizing new trade-related opportunities related
to sustainable development and poverty eradication, with particular
attention given to enabling women entrepreneurs and SMEs to participate
in, and benefit from local, subregional, regional and global supply
chains and markets.
Trade 8. We acknowledge the need to continue WTO negotiations on
liberalization of trade in environmental goods and services which should
enhance the mutual supportiveness of trade, environment and development.
Trade 9. We commit to take action, where appropriate, to phase out
subsidies that are market distorting and inhibit sustainable
development, taking into the account the specific conditions and
different levels of development of individual countries. We affirm the
need for accompanying targeted measures to protect the poor and
vulnerable groups.
*E. Registry of commitments*
Registry 1. We welcome the commitments voluntarily entered into at Rio
+20 and throughout 2012 by all stakeholders and networks of stakeholders
to implement concrete policies, plans, programs, projects and actions to
promote sustainable development and poverty reduction, including through
a green economy approach.We invite the Secretary-General to compile
these commitments in an internet-based registry. The registry should
make information about the commitments fully transparent and accessible
to the public, to provide an accountability framework, and it should
encourage periodic updates on the implementation of commitments.
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: http://lists.fahamu.org/pipermail/debate-list/attachments/20120523/c4004aa2/attachment-0001.htm
More information about the Debate-list
mailing list